World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering 

About: World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Finite element method & Heat transfer. Over the lifetime, 2960 publications have been published receiving 15626 citations.

How Virtualization, Decentralization and Network Building Change the Manufacturing Landscape: An Industry 4.0 Perspective

Abstract: The German manufacturing industry has to withstand an increasing global competition on product quality and production costs. As labor costs are high, several industries have suffered severely under the relocation of production facilities towards aspiring countries, which have managed to close the productivity and quality gap substantially. Established manufacturing companies have recognized that customers are not willing to pay large price premiums for incremental quality improvements. As a consequence, many companies from the German manufacturing industry adjust their production focusing on customized products and fast time to market. Leveraging the advantages of novel production strategies such as Agile Manufacturing and Mass Customization, manufacturing companies transform into integrated networks, in which companies unite their core competencies. Hereby, virtualization of the processand supply-chain ensures smooth inter-company operations providing real-time access to relevant product and production information for all participating entities. Boundaries of companies deteriorate, as autonomous systems exchange data, gained by embedded systems throughout the entire value chain. By including Cyber-PhysicalSystems, advanced communication between machines is tantamount to their dialogue with humans. The increasing utilization of information and communication technology allows digital engineering of products and production processes alike. Modular simulation and modeling techniques allow decentralized units to flexibly alter products and thereby enable rapid product innovation. The present article describes the developments of Industry 4.0 within the literature and reviews the associated research streams. Hereby, we analyze eight scientific journals with regards to the following research fields: Individualized production, end-to-end engineering in a virtual process chain and production networks. We employ cluster analysis to assign sub-topics into the respective research field. To assess the practical implications, we conducted face-to-face interviews with managers from the industry as well as from the consulting business using a structured interview guideline. The results reveal reasons for the adaption and refusal of Industry 4.0 practices from a managerial point of view. Our findings contribute to the upcoming research stream of Industry 4.0 and support decisionmakers to assess their need for transformation towards Industry 4.0 practices. Keywords—Industry 4.0., Mass Customization, Production networks, Virtual Process-Chain. Malte Brettel, chairholder, is with the Aachen University (RWTH), Kackertstraße 7, 52072 Aachen (e-mail: brettel@win.rwth-aachen.de). Niklas Friederichsen is with the Aachen University (RWTH), Kackertstraße 7, 52072 Aachen, (corresponding author; phone: +49/(0)241 80 99397; e-mail: friederichsen@win.rwth-aachen.de). Michael Keller and Marius Rosenberg are with the Aachen University (RWTH), Kackertstraße 7, 52072 Aachen (e-mail: keller@win.rwthaachen.de, rosenberg@win.rwth-aachen.de).

Classic and Heuristic Approaches in Robot Motion Planning A Chronological Review

Abstract: This paper reviews the major contributions to the Motion Planning (MP) field throughout a 35-year period, from classic approaches to heuristic algorithms Due to the NP-Hardness of the MP problem, heuristic methods have outperformed the classic approaches and have gained wide popularity After surveying around 1400 papers in the field, the amount of existing works for each method is identified and classified Especially, the history and applications of numerous heuristic methods in MP is investigated The paper concludes with comparative tables and graphs demonstrating the frequency of each MP method’s application, and so can be used as a guideline for MP researchers Keywords—Robot motion planning, Heuristic algorithms

Sliding Mode Control Based on Backstepping Approach for an UAV Type-Quadrotor

Abstract: In this paper; we are interested principally in dynamic modelling of quadrotor while taking into account the high-order nonholonomic constraints in order to develop a new control scheme as well as the various physical phenomena, which can influence the dynamics of a flying structure. These permit us to introduce a new state-space representation. After, the use of Backstepping approach for the synthesis of tracking errors and Lyapunov functions, a sliding mode controller is developed in order to ensure Lyapunov stability, the handling of all system nonlinearities and desired tracking trajectories. Finally simulation results are also provided in order to illustrate the performances of the proposed controller. Keywords—Dynamic modelling, nonholonomic constraints, Backstepping, Sliding mode.

Heat Exchanger Design

Abstract: eneral design considerations and design procedure are also illustrated in this paper and a flow diagram is provided as an aid of design procedure In design calculation, the MatLAB and AutoCAD software are used Fundamental heat transfer concepts and complex relationships involved in such exchanger are also presented in this paper The primary aim of this design is to obtain a high heat transfer rate without exceeding the allowable pressure drop This computer program is highly useful to design the shell&and&tu be type heat exchanger and to modify existing deign

Effects of dust on the performance of pv panels

Abstract: Accumulation of dust from the outdoor environment on the panels of solar photovoltaic (PV) system is natural. There were studies that showed that the accumulated dust can reduce the performance of solar panels, but the results were not clearly quantified. The objective of this research was to study the effects of dust accumulation on the performance of solar PV panels. Experiments were conducted using dust particles on solar panels with a constant-power light source, to determine the resulting electrical power generated and efficiency. It was found from the study that the accumulated dust on the surface of photovoltaic solar panel can reduce the system's efficiency by up to 50%. Keywords—Dust, Photovoltaic, Solar Energy. I. INTRODUCTION Solar photovoltaic (PV) system uses solar cells to convert energy from sun radiation into electricity. The system is made up by one or more panels, a battery, a charge control and the load. Solar PV panels are normally mounted on roofs and wired into a building by an inverter, which converts the direct current energy received from solar panels into alternating current. There are many types of solar PV cells available, which are mainly monocrystalline silicon cells, multi crystalline silicon cells, thick film silicon, and amorphous silicon. The application of solar energy has become wider, with the solar photovoltaic industry's combined global revenue of US$37 billion in 2008 (1). In Malaysia, the government has recently been promoting the use of renewable energy due to several driving factors, such as the growing imports of oil and unutilized resources of renewable sources, increasing oil prices, and the environmental awareness. In the Tenth Malaysia Plan, it was reported that the nation attracted investments in solar PV manufacturing that was worth RM9.8 billion or about 20% of investments in the electrical and electronics industries (2). By 2015, the renewable energy capacity is expected to expand to 985 MW, which contributes 5.5 % to Malaysia's total electricity generation mix. Located in the equatorial region, Malaysia has an average solar irradiation of 4500 kWh per square meter (3), and thus making it an ideal place for large scale solar power installations. Considering that the country gets an average of 4.5 to 8 hours of sunshine every day, there is huge potential for high solar power generation. At present, the number of solar PV applications in Malaysia is still low. It is generally restricted to rural electrification, street and garden lighting, and telecommunications. The first centralized solar power station was first built in year 2003, in a remote village, Kampung Denai in Rompin on the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia (3). In a recent development, the Tenaga Nasional Bhd (TNB) who is Malaysia's primary electrical power provider launched the development Malaysia's first solar power plant in Putrajaya (4). At an approximate cost of RM60 million or US$4 million per megawatt, the project signifies a major step in harnessing the use of renewable energy in the country. The project would be expected to enable the operator to understand the system well before embarking into development of plants of bigger scale. A drop in the efficiency of a solar PV panel throughout its life cycle is not desired, since the capital cost for the system is quite high. PV cells can normally last for about 25 years, and it takes approximately up to six years (5) for the solar PV module to generate the equivalent amount of energy consumed in its manufacturing processes. One of the contributing factors in the drop of efficiency of solar PV panels in Malaysia as well as in other country is the accumulated dust on the panel. The nature of the problem may vary by geographical locations. Hottel and Woertz (6) were amongst the pioneers investigating the impact of dust on solar systems. They recorded a maximum degradation in collector performance of 4.7%, with an average loss in incident solar radiation being less than 1%. In a study by Salim et al. (7) into dust accumulation on a solar-village PV system near Riyadh indicated a 32% reduction in performance after eight months. Wakim (8) indicated a reduction in PV power by 17% due to sand accumulation on panels in Kuwait city after six days. Furthermore the study also indicated that the influence of dust on PV performance would be higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. An experiment to investigate the effect of aeolian dust deposition on photovoltaic solar cells by Dirk Goosen et. al (9) showed that the deposition of fine aeolian dust particles on the glazing of PV cells significantly affected the performance of such cells. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of wind velocity and airborne dust concentration on the drop of PV cell performance caused by dust accumulation. Shaharin A. Sulaiman, Haizatul H. Hussain, Nik Siti H. Nik Leh, and Mohd S. I. Razali