Journal ArticleDOI
A Decision Tree for Nonmetric Sex Assessment from the Skull
TLDR
This study uses five well‐documented cranial nonmetric traits (glabella, mastoid process, mental eminence, supraorbital margin, and nuchal crest) and one additional trait (zygomatic extension) to develop a validated decision tree for sex assessment.Abstract:
This study uses five well-documented cranial nonmetric traits (glabella, mastoid process, mental eminence, supraorbital margin, and nuchal crest) and one additional trait (zygomatic extension) to develop a validated decision tree for sex assessment. The decision tree was built and cross-validated on a sample of 293 U.S. White individuals from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. Ordinal scores from the six traits were analyzed using the partition modeling option in JMP Pro 12. A holdout sample of 50 skulls was used to test the model. The most accurate decision tree includes three variables: glabella, zygomatic extension, and mastoid process. This decision tree yielded 93.5% accuracy on the training sample, 94% on the cross-validated sample, and 96% on a holdout validation sample. Linear weighted kappa statistics indicate acceptable agreement among observers for these variables. Mental eminence should be avoided, and definitions and figures should be referenced carefully to score nonmetric traits.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Age estimation of adult human remains from hip bones using advanced methods.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the limiting factor of age estimation can be the visual evaluation of age-related changes, with the model using only the PUSx indicator performing the best.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex estimation using external morphology of the frontal bone and frontal sinuses in a contemporary Czech population
TL;DR: This study focused on sex estimation using the form and shape of the external surface of the frontal bone with or without the inclusion of its sinuses, and found that the whole external frontal surface was significantly different between males and females.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the use of machine learning algorithms in forensic anthropology.
TL;DR: From the methods tested, LDA and the machine learning technique of linear SVM exhibit the best performance, with high prediction accuracy and relatively low bias in most of the tests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigating the sex-related geometric variation of the human cranium.
Andreas Bertsatos,Christina Papageorgopoulou,Efstratios D. Valakos,Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou +3 more
TL;DR: A novel approach in assessing the most accurate metric traits of the human cranium for sex estimation based on 80 ectocranial landmarks from 176 modern individuals of known age and sex from the Athens Collection, which produced easily applicable discriminant functions of high accuracy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advanced procedures for skull sex estimation using sexually dimorphic morphometric features.
TL;DR: An automated method based on a fully automatic algorithm applied on 3D models for extracting sex diagnostic morphometric features which are further processed by computer vision and machine learning algorithms is introduced.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data
J. R. Landis,Gary G. Koch +1 more
TL;DR: A general statistical methodology for the analysis of multivariate categorical data arising from observer reliability studies is presented and tests for interobserver bias are presented in terms of first-order marginal homogeneity and measures of interob server agreement are developed as generalized kappa-type statistics.
Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains: Proceedings of a Seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History
TL;DR: In this paper, a hands-on laboratory course is presented to examine the human skeleton as a dynamic, living system, with a review of normal and abnormal variations of each bone and apply this knowledge to make determinations about age, sex, stature and pathological conditions.
Book
The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine
TL;DR: The human skeleton in forensic medicine as discussed by the authors is an on-line book provided in this website and it can be used as a reference for any reader to read this book and get great information about forensic medicine.
Journal ArticleDOI
A newly developed visual method of sexing the os pubis
TL;DR: The method described here is simple and objective enough to allow the beginning researcher to sex hip bones accurately while requiring the presence of only a small fragment of the bone.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sexing skulls using discriminant function analysis of visually assessed traits
TL;DR: Sexual dimorphism of these modern people contrasts markedly with that of the ancient Native Americans, and discriminant functions like those presented in this paper should be used with caution on populations other than those for which they were developed.