Journal ArticleDOI
A demographic analysis of male life history and social structure of mountain gorillas
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Demographic constraints, such as length of time to male maturation, coupled with intense male-male competition for mates may limit the number and duration of groups with a multimale structure.Abstract:
Twenty-five years of demographic data on free-ranging mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) from the Karisoke Research Center, Rwanda were used to assess male life histories and the variation within the age-graded social structure. Group types include lone silver-backs, one-male, multimale, and all-male groups. Although 60% of gorilla groups in the Virunga population are one-male, a multimale structure may increase chances of survival and future reproductive success for males at three stages of their lives. Infants born in one-male groups appear more likely to die from infanticide than those in multimale groups. Immature males in one-male groups may face decreased future reproductive opportunities compared to males in multimale groups. Adult males in one-male groups lack possible partners for coalition formation during intergroup encounters. Demographic constraints, such as length of time to male maturation, coupled with intense male-male competition for mates may limit the number and duration of groups with a multimale structure. Individuals are not restricted to one group type for their entire adult lives and males that attain maturity in each group type may eventually reproduce. Variation in male reproductive success is based both on length of reproductive tenure and on the number of mates.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates
TL;DR: Evidence in support of the ecological model is reviewed and the power of alternative models that invoke between-group competition, forced female philopatry, demographic female recruitment, male interventions into female aggression, and male harassment are tested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of primate social systems
TL;DR: The role of primate socio-ecology is examined and it is concluded that primates are not prominently represented because the main questions asked in behavioral ecology are often irrelevant for primate behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mortality rates among wild chimpanzees.
Kim Hill,Christophe Boesch,Jane Goodall,Anne E. Pusey,Jennifer L. Williams,Richard W. Wrangham +5 more
TL;DR: A synthetic life table for free-living chimpanzees, derived from data collected in five study populations, suggests the low mortality rate of human foragers relative to chimpanzees in the early adult years may partially explain why humans have evolved to senesce later than chimpanzees, and have a longer juvenile period.
Journal ArticleDOI
The evolution of social philopatry and dispersal in female mammals
TL;DR: A review of variation in the frequency with which females leave their natal group or range (social dispersal) and argues that both the avoidance of local competition for resources and breeding opportunities and the need to find unrelated partners play an important role in contrasts between and within species.
BookDOI
Long-term field studies of primates
Peter M. Kappeler,David P. Watts +1 more
TL;DR: Long-term field studies have been used extensively in the literature to understand the behavioral plasticity and population dynamics of a critically endangered species, such as Cebus capucinus as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Book
Primate social systems
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Primates and their Societies, social Evolution in Baboons, and Social Evolution in the Great Apes, as well as models as Descriptive Tools and Models as Analytical Tools, and the problem of Monogamy.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Relation between Ecology a Social Structure in Primates.
TL;DR: This article introduces a new category of social structure for the primates•the age-graded-male troop, and calls attention to the reproductive group as an organic unit that shows stages of growth and decline which may vary under different environmental circumstances.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the ultimate causes of primate social systems.
TL;DR: Comparison evidence indicates that the distinction between a single-male or a multi-male system is ultimately dependent on the varying ability of a male to monopolize access to a breeding group of females.