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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Adaptive playout mechanisms for packetized audio applications in wide-area networks

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TLDR
The authors investigate the performance of four different algorithms for adaptively adjusting the playout delay of audio packets in an interactive packet-audio terminal application, and indicate that an adaptive algorithm which explicitly adjusts to the sharp, spike-like increases in packet delay can achieve a lower rate of lost packets.
Abstract
Recent interest in supporting packet-audio applications over wide area networks has been fueled by the availability of low-cost, toll-quality workstation audio and the demonstration that limited amounts of interactive audio can be supported by today's Internet. In such applications, received audio packets are buffered, and their playout delayed at the destination host in order to compensate for the variable network delays. The authors investigate the performance of four different algorithms for adaptively adjusting the playout delay of audio packets in an interactive packet-audio terminal application, in the face of such varying network delays. They evaluate the playout algorithms using experimentally-obtained delay measurements of audio traffic between several different Internet sites. Their results indicate that an adaptive algorithm which explicitly adjusts to the sharp, spike-like increases in packet delay which were observed in the traces can achieve a lower rate of lost packets for both a given average playout delay and a given maximum buffer size. >

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

A survey of packet loss recovery techniques for streaming audio

TL;DR: A number of packet loss recovery techniques for streaming audio applications operating using IP multicast, and a series of recommendations for repair schemes to be used based on application requirements and network conditions are made.
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Voice over IP performance monitoring

TL;DR: It is found that an in-path monitor requires the definition of a reference de-jitter buffer implementation to estimate voice quality based upon observed transport measurements, and it is suggested that more studies are required, which evaluate the quality of various VoIP codecs in the presence of representative packet loss patterns.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Estimation and removal of clock skew from network delay measurements

TL;DR: A linear programming-based algorithm is introduced to estimate the clock skew in network delay measurements and its performance is compared to that of three other algorithms to show that the algorithm is unbiased, and that the sample variance of the skew estimate is better than existing algorithms.
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Packet loss correlation in the MBone multicast network

TL;DR: This work experimentally and quantitatively examines the spatial and temporal correlation in packet loss among participants in a multicast session, and shows that there is some spatial correlation in loss among the multicast sites.
Journal ArticleDOI

Packet audio playout delay adjustment: performance bounds and algorithms

TL;DR: A new adaptive delay adjustment algorithm that tracks the network delay of recently received packets and efficiently maintains delay percentile information is presented and it is shown that this algorithm outperforms existing delay adjustment algorithms over a number of measured audio delay traces and performs close to the theoretical optimum over a range of parameter values of interest.
References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI

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Journal ArticleDOI

Effects of Packet Losses in Waveform Coded Speech and Improvements Due to an Odd-Even Sample-Interpolation Procedure

TL;DR: Perceptual considerations indicate that packet lengths most robust to losses are in the range 16-32 ms, irrespective of whether interpolation is used or not, whereas tolerable P L values can be as high as 2 to 5 percent without interpolation and 5 to 10 percent with interpolation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Techniques for Packet Voice Synchronization

TL;DR: Several aspects of the packet voice synchronization problem are discussed, and techniques that can be used to address it are discussed.