Journal ArticleDOI
Against relative timing invariance in movement kinematics
TLDR
Strict invariant relative timing may not be a fundamental feature of movement kinematics and this conclusion is contrary to previous studies of relative timing that involved less conservative analysis but is consistent with the wider gait literature.Abstract:
The kinematics of stair climbing were examined to test the assertion that relative timing is an invariant feature of human gait. Six male and four female subjects were video-recorded (at 60 Hz) while they climbed a flight of stairs 10 times at each of three speeds. Each gait cycle was divided into three segments by the maximum and minimum angular displacement of the left knee and left foot contact. Gentner's (1987) analysis methods were applied to the individual subject data to determine whether the duration of the segments remained a fixed proportion of gait cycle duration across changes in stair-climbing speed. A similar analysis was performed using knee velocity maxima to partition the gait cycle. Regardless of how the gait cycle was divided, relative timing was not found to remain strictly invariant across changes in speed. This conclusion is contrary to previous studies of relative timing that involved less conservative analysis but is consistent with the wider gait literature. Strict invariant relative timing may not be a fundamental feature of movement kinematics.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Motor Schema Theory After 27 Years: Reflections and Implications for a New Theory
TL;DR: The findings generated since 1975 are focused on, pointing out particular features from the schema theory that could be included and suggesting gaps and omissions that will need additional data and theorizing in future attempts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Skill acquisition in sport: Some applications of an evolving practice ecology
TL;DR: A practice strategy that gives greater weight to the guided exploration of the practice workspace jointly defined by the properties of the individual's subsystems, the specific task and the environment is advocated, which supersedes previous distinctions between rudimentary and voluntary skills.
Book ChapterDOI
Chapter 4 Modeling variability and dependence in timing
Dirk Vorberg,Alan M. Wing +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter presents a tutorial approach to the quantitative models of the origin and nature of temporal variability in movement sequences, and describes certain tools of probability and statistics needed in deriving the properties of the models considered and in relating their predictions to data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Time-domain analysis of foot-ground reaction forces in negotiating obstacles.
TL;DR: The results showed that the constraints of stepping over obstacles imposed different kinetic demands on the lead and trail foot; this is reflected in a complex interaction of braking and propulsive forces.
Journal ArticleDOI
Searching for the minimal essential information for skilled perception and action
TL;DR: In this paper some examples of putative minimal essential information sources in perception and action are provided, strategies for uncovering such sources are discussed, and attention is directed to some systematic expert-novice differences in the utilization of essential information and control variables.
References
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Book
Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioral Emphasis
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the evolution of a field of study, methodology for Studying, and methods for studying human information processing and motor learning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perceiving affordances : Visual guidance of stair climbing
TL;DR: It is concluded that perception for the control of action reflects the underlying dynamics of the animal-environment system.
Book
Motor Learning : Concepts and Applications
TL;DR: This unit introduces motor skills: the control of co-ordinated movement motor control preparation and attention and individual differences: abilities.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Study of Lower-Limb Mechanics During Stair-Climbing
TL;DR: When going up and down stairs large moments are present about weight-bearing joints, but descending movements produce the largest moments, which are considerably higher than those produced during level walking.
Journal ArticleDOI
An integrated biomechanical analysis of normal stair ascent and descent
TL;DR: The extensor muscles about the knee played a dominant role in progression from one step to the next in both modes coupled with the ankle plantar flexors, and the total lower limb extensor pattern, called the support moment, was highly correlated between subjects and to level walking.