Open Access
An analysis of several heuristics for the traveling salesman problem.
Daniel J. Rosenkrantz,Richard Edwin Stearns,P. M. Lewis +2 more
- pp 45-69
TLDR
Several polynomial time algorithms finding “good,” but not necessarily optimal, tours for the traveling salesman problem are considered, and the closeness of a tour is measured by the ratio of the obtained tour length to the minimal tour length.Abstract:
Several polynomial time algorithms finding “good,” but not necessarily optimal, tours for the traveling salesman problem are considered. We measure the closeness of a tour by the ratio of the obtained tour length to the minimal tour length. For the nearest neighbor method, we show the ratio is bounded above by a logarithmic function of the number of nodes. We also provide a logarithmic lower bound on the worst case. A class of approximation methods we call insertion methods are studied, and these are also shown to have a logarithmic upper bound. For two specific insertion methods, which we call nearest insertion and cheapest insertion, the ratio is shown to have a constant upper bound of 2, and examples are provided that come arbitrarily close to this upper bound. It is also shown that for any n≥8, there are traveling salesman problems with n nodes having tours which cannot be improved by making n/4 edge changes, but for which the ratio is 2(1−1/n).read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem
TL;DR: The results show that the ACS outperforms other nature-inspired algorithms such as simulated annealing and evolutionary computation, and it is concluded comparing ACS-3-opt, a version of the ACS augmented with a local search procedure, to some of the best performing algorithms for symmetric and asymmetric TSPs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Voronoi diagrams—a survey of a fundamental geometric data structure
TL;DR: The Voronoi diagram as discussed by the authors divides the plane according to the nearest-neighbor points in the plane, and then divides the vertices of the plane into vertices, where vertices correspond to vertices in a plane.
On Evolution, Search, Optimization, Genetic Algorithms and Martial Arts : Towards Memetic Algorithms
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a short abstract, which is a summary of the paper.Short abstract, isn't it? But it is short abstracts, not abstracts.
Journal ArticleDOI
An effective implementation of the Lin–Kernighan traveling salesman heuristic
TL;DR: An implementation of the Lin–Kernighan heuristic, one of the most successful methods for generating optimal or near-optimal solutions for the symmetric traveling salesman problem (TSP), is described.
Book
The Algorithm Design Manual
TL;DR: This newly expanded and updated second edition of the best-selling classic continues to take the "mystery" out of designing algorithms, and analyzing their efficacy and efficiency.
References
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems
TL;DR: The work of Dantzig, Fulkerson, Hoffman, Edmonds, Lawler and other pioneers on network flows, matching and matroids acquainted me with the elegant and efficient algorithms that were sometimes possible.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the shortest spanning subtree of a graph and the traveling salesman problem
TL;DR: Kurosh and Levitzki as discussed by the authors, on the radical of a general ring and three problems concerning nil rings, Bull Amer Math Soc vol 49 (1943) pp 913-919 10 -, On the structure of algebraic algebras and related rings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Shortest connection networks and some generalizations
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic problem of interconnecting a given set of terminals with a shortest possible network of direct links is considered, and a set of simple and practical procedures are given for solving this problem both graphically and computationally.
Journal ArticleDOI
Algorithm 97: Shortest path
TL;DR: The procedure was originally programmed in FORTRAN for the Control Data 160 desk-size computer and was limited to te t ra t ion because subroutine recursiveness in CONTROL Data 160 FORTRan has been held down to four levels in the interests of economy.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Effective Heuristic Algorithm for the Traveling-Salesman Problem
S. Lin,Brian W. Kernighan +1 more
TL;DR: This paper discusses a highly effective heuristic procedure for generating optimum and near-optimum solutions for the symmetric traveling-salesman problem based on a general approach to heuristics that is believed to have wide applicability in combinatorial optimization problems.