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Ancient South America
TLDR
The first peoples: 12,000-6000 BC 5. Settling down: 6000-3500 BC 6. The problem of maize 7. Cultural intensifications in the Andes: 3500-2000 BC 8. Ceramics: their origins and technology 9. The first civilizations: 2000-200 BC 10. Textiles: the high art of South America 11. Metallurgy 12. Regional diversification and development: 200 BC-AD 600 13. Iconographic studies 14. Militaristic and religious movements in the andes: AD 500-900 15. TransportAbstract:
1. Still a new world 2. A matter of time 3. The physical setting 4. The first peoples: 12,000-6000 BC 5. Settling down: 6000-3500 BC 6. The problem of maize 7. Cultural intensifications in the Andes: 3500-2000 BC 8. Ceramics: their origins and technology 9. The first civilizations: 2000-200 BC 10. Textiles: the high art of South America 11. Metallurgy 12. Regional diversification and development: 200 BC-AD 600 13. Iconographic studies 14. Militaristic and religious movements in the Andes: AD 500-900 15. Transport and trade 16. Kingdoms, chiefdoms and empires: AD 900-1438 17. The sixteenth century 18. Intercontinental movements before Columbus 19. The future of a continent Appendices.read more
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Wildlife conservation in the cultural landscapes of the central Andes
TL;DR: In this article, a three-prong approach is proposed to improve the coverage, protection, and management of national parks and nature reserves, integrating the control and management management of wildlife into development projects focused on Andean communities, and promoting species-specific programs that target endangered, useful or nuisance species of special concern.
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East-West cranial differentiation in pre-Columbian populations from Central and North America.
Héctor M. Pucciarelli,Rolando González-José,Walter Alves Neves,Marina Laura Sardi,Marina Laura Sardi,Fernando Ramirez Rozzi +5 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the "ecological zones model" proposed by Dixon, explaining the spread of the early Americans along a Pacific dispersal corridor, combined with the evolution of different population dynamics in both regions is the most parsimonious mechanism to explain the observed patterns of within- and between-group craniofacial variability.
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Vascular plant diversity in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems in the Andes of Southern Ecuador: studies from the Rio San Francisco Valley.
TL;DR: The Andes of Ecuador are one of the world's hotspots of vascular plants as discussed by the authors, and the divergence zone of the study site situated in the Cordillera Real near the Estacion Cientifica San Francisco (ECSF) in the northernmost part of Podocarpus National Park (3°58′S; 79°04′W).
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Great white shark teeth used as pendants and possible tools by early-middle Holocene terrestrial mammal hunter-gatherers in the Eastern Pampas (Southern South America)
A. L. Cione,M. Bonomo +1 more
TL;DR: Two great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) teeth recovered in a terrestrial mammal hunter-gatherers context in the Pampas are described in this paper, where the root tip of the shark teeth are marked by an artificial transvers groove fitted to tie a thread.