Androgen-dependent angiotensinogen and renin messenger RNA expression in hypertensive rats.
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This study tested the hypothesis that renal and hepatic renin and angiotensinogen gene expression are also androgen dependent in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.Abstract:
Our previous studies demonstrated that the sexually dimorphic pattern of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat is androgen dependent. Gonadectomy retards the development of hypertension in young males, but not in females, and administration of testosterone propionate to gonadectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats of both sexes confers a male pattern of blood pressure development. The current study tested the hypothesis that renal and hepatic renin and angiotensinogen gene expression are also androgen dependent in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats underwent gonadectomy or a sham operation at 4 weeks of age. Subgroups of gonadectomized rats of both sexes were implanted with a 15-mm or 30-mm Silastic capsule filled with testosterone at the same time the gonadectomy was performed; a third group received an empty Silastic capsule. Northern and slot blot analyses were used to characterize and quantitate renin and angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) in the kidney and liver 18 weeks after the gonadectomy. Blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA levels were higher in intact males than in females. Orchidectomy retarded the development of hypertension and lowered plasma renin and renal and hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA levels, and testosterone replacement restored the male pattern of hypertension and plasma renin and increased renal and hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA. Ovariectomy did not alter blood pressure or plasma renin but did lower renal renin and renal and hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA; testosterone increased blood pressure, plasma renin, renal renin and angiotensinogen mRNA, and hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA levels in ovariectomized females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)read more
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Gender Differences in the Regulation of Blood Pressure
TL;DR: Findings in animal studies show that there is a blunting of the pressure-natriuresis relationship in male spontaneously hypertensive rats and in ovariectomized female spontaneously hypertension rats treated chronically with testosterone, suggesting that the loss of estrogens may be the only component involved in the higher blood pressure in women after menopause.
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Sex hormones and hypertension.
TL;DR: A discussion of the potential blood pressure regulating effects of female and male sex hormones, as well as the cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms by which sex hormones may modify the effects of hypertension on the cardiovascular system are provided.
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The impact of gender on the progression of chronic renal disease
TL;DR: Sex hormones may directly influence many of the processes implicated in the pathogenesis of renal disease progression, and estrogens may exert potent antioxidant actions in the mesangial microenvironment, which may contribute to the protective effect of female gender.
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Renin angiotensin system and gender differences in the cardiovascular system
TL;DR: The undisputable, profound biochemical changes in the renin-angiotensin system related to the estrogen status allow speculation that such interaction explains some of the differences in the cardiovascular system of men and women.
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Testosterone exacerbates hypertension and reduces pressure-natriuresis in male spontaneously hypertensive rats.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that male sex hormones contribute to the exacerbation of hypertension in SHR by reducing pressure-natriuresis is supported.
References
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Application of a radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I to the physiologic measurements of plasma renin activity in normal human subjects
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Sympathetic nerve activity: role in regulation of blood pressure in the spontaenously hypertensive rat.
TL;DR: It is suggested that SNA may play an important role in the development and maintenance of hypertension in SHR, and that central sympathetic centers, uninhibited by baroreceptor afferents, become active during the development of pulmonary hypertension in the SHR.
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Role of the renal sympathetic nerves in the development and maintenance of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
TL;DR: Data indicate that the renal sympathetic nerves contribute to the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat in part by causing enhanced sodium retention, and that once hypertension is established the renal nerves do not play a significant role in the maintenance of increased blood pressure.