Journal ArticleDOI
Anxiety versus Fundamental Emotions as Predictors of Perceived Functionality of Pre-Competitive Emotional States, Threat, and Challenge in Individual Sports
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In this paper, the authors examine the contribution of anxiety and fundamental emotions to perceived emotion functionality and evaluate the informational value of anxiety measures used in sport versus measures of fundamental emotions in terms of appraisal.Abstract:
The objectives of this study were to examine the contribution of anxiety and fundamental emotions to perceived emotion functionality and evaluate the informational value of anxiety measures used in sport versus measures of fundamental emotions in terms of appraisal. A battery of questionnaires comprising the somatic and cognitive subscale of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), the State Anxiety Inventory, the Differential Emotions Scale-IV, a perceived functionality of emotions single item, and two items assessing challenge and threat appraisals was administered to 202 athletes competing in individual sports in the United Kingdom. They were tested on recalled pre-competitive emotions experienced before their best and worst competition ever and momentary emotions experienced one hour before an actual competition. In general, measures of fundamental emotions with clear approach or avoidance action tendencies were better predictors of emotion functionality than anxiety measures. Results also suggested that the CSAI-2 does not convey clear information about an athlete's appraisal of a competition. Measures of negative and positive fundamental emotions with clear action tendencies were better indicators of athletes' appraisal patterns. It was concluded that assessment of athletes' emotional state should not be exclusively based on anxiety measures but should encompass or be replaced with measures of emotions conveying unambiguous information about the athlete-competition relationship.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a theory of challenge and threat states in athletes, which is an amalgamation and extension of the biopsychosocial model of challenge, the model of adaptive approaches to competition and the debilitative and facilitative competitive state anxiety model.
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A Competitive Anxiety Review: Recent Directions in Sport Psychology Research
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define competitive stressors competitive anxiety and anxiety-performance relationship, and discuss the relationship between these two types of stressors and anxiety, and conclude that they are correlated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Choking vs. Clutch Performance: A Study of Sport Performance Under Pressure
TL;DR: Results of the model suggest that "reinvesting" attention in the task leads to greater anxiety (cognitive and somatic), which then predicts a higher level of self-focus, which did not lead to improved performance under pressure, whereas feelings ofself-reported "perceived control" did help performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perceived impact of anger and anxiety on sporting performance in rugby players
Claudio Robazza,Laura Bortoli +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-sectional study of 197 Italian rugby players was conducted to assess rugby players' perception of the facilitative or debilitative effects of trait anger symptoms, finding that a general tendency of rugby players to experience a moderate frequency of anger symptoms and to interpret their symptoms as facilitative rather than debiliative.
OtherDOI
Affect, mood, and emotion.
TL;DR: The history of research and theorizing on affective live phenomena is long, and the associated literature is vast as mentioned in this paper, however, this is not an area that a researcher can enter after reading just one or even a few papers on the subject.
References
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Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
TL;DR: The STAI as mentioned in this paper is an indicator of two types of anxiety, the state and trait anxiety, and measure the severity of the overall anxiety level, which is appropriate for those who have at least a sixth grade reading level.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Application of Electronic Computers to Factor Analysis
TL;DR: A survey of available computer programs for factor analytic computations and a analysis of the problems of the application of computers to factor analysis.
Book
Meta-analytic procedures for social research
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define research results, retrieve and assess research results and compare and combine research results to combine probabilities, and evaluate meta-analytic procedures and meta-Analytic results.
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Stress and Emotion: A New Synthesis
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the latest findings and trends in research and theory in stress, appraisal, and coping, focusing on the rationale for a cognitive-mediational approach to stress and the emotions, and distinguishes between social, physiological and psychological stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development and validation of the State Hope Scale.
C. R. Snyder,Susie C. Sympson,Florence C. Ybasco,Tyrone F. Borders,Michael A. Babyak,Raymond L. Higgins +5 more
TL;DR: The present 4 studies were designed to develop and validate a measure of state hope and offer a brief, internally consistent, and valid self-report measure of ongoing goal-directed thinking that may be useful to researchers and applied professionals.