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Boron deficiency-induced impairments of cellular functions in plants: a review
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TLDR
In this paper, it was shown that the formation of B complexes with the constituents of cell walls and plasma membranes as well as with the phenolic compounds seems to be a decisive step affecting the physiological functions of B. Boron is of crucial importance for the maintenance of structural integrity of plasma membranes.Abstract:
The essentiality of B for growth and development of plants is well-known, but the primary functions of B still remain unknown. Evidence in the literature supports the idea that the major functions of B in growth and development of plants are based on its ability to form complexes with the compounds having cis-diol configurations. In this regard, the formation of B complexes with the constituents of cell walls and plasma membranes as well as with the phenolic compounds seems to be a decisive step affecting the physiological functions of B. Boron seems to be of crucial importance for the maintenance of structural integrity of plasma membranes. This function of B is mainly related to stabilisation of cell membranes by B association with membrane constituents. Possibly, B may also protect plasma membranes against peroxidative damage by toxic O2 species. In B-deficient plants, plasma membranes are highly leaky and lose their functional integrity. Under B-deficient conditions, substantial changes in ion fluxes and proton pumping activity of the plasma membranes were noted. Impairments in phenol metabolism and increases in levels of phenolics and polyphenoloxidase activity are typical indications of B deficiency, particularly in B deficiency-sensitive plant species, such as Helianthus annuus (sunflower). Enhanced oxidation of phenols is responsible for generation of reactive quinones which subsequently produce extremely toxic O2 species, thus resulting in the increased risk of a peroxidative damage to vital cell components such as membrane lipids and proteins. In B-deficient tissues, enhancement in levels of toxic O2 species may also occur as a result of impairments in photosynthesis and antioxidative defence systems. Recent evidence shows that the levels of ascorbic acid, non-protein SH-compounds (mainly glutathione) and glutathione reductase, the major defence systems of cells against toxic O2 species, are reduced in response to B deficiency. There is also increasing evidence that, in the heterocyst cells of cyanobacteria, B is involved in protection of nitrogenase activity against O2 damage.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Boron in Plant Biology
Patrick O. Brown,Nacer Bellaloui,Monika A. Wimmer,Elias Bassil,Juan M. Ruiz,Hening Hu,Heidrun Pfeffer,Frank Dannel,Volker Römheld +8 more
TL;DR: Careful consideration of the physical and chemical properties of B in biological systems, and of the experimental data from both plants and animals suggests that B plays a critical role in membrane structure and hence function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of magnesium in carbon partitioning and alleviating photooxidative damage
Ismail Cakmak,Ernest A. Kirkby +1 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that photooxidative damage contributes to development of leaf chlorosis under Mg deficiency, suggesting that plants under high-light conditions have a higher physiological requirement for Mg.
Journal ArticleDOI
Boron in Plants: Deficiency and Toxicity
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to provide an update on recent findings related to these topics, which can contribute to a better understanding of the role of B in plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetic analysis and mechanistic aspects of autoxidation of catechins.
TL;DR: A peroxidase-based bioelectrochemical sensor of hydrogen peroxide and a Clark-type oxygen electrode were applied to continuous monitoring and kinetic analysis of the autoxidation of catechins and it was found that dioxygen is quantitatively reduced to H(2)O(2).
Journal ArticleDOI
Boron in plants and animals: Is there a role beyond cell-wall structure?
TL;DR: This review aims to summarize some recent advances from plant, animal, and microbiological research related to the functions of boron and to highlight open questions for further research.
References
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Book
The Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants
M. H. Martin,H. Marschner +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Plant Diseases and Pests, and the Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) in Relation to Mineral Nutrition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Photooxidative stress in plants
TL;DR: The capacity of the antioxidative defense system is often increased at such times but if the response is not sufficient, radical production will exceed scavenging and ultimately lead to the disruption of metabolism as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Boron in Plant Biology
Patrick O. Brown,Nacer Bellaloui,Monika A. Wimmer,Elias Bassil,Juan M. Ruiz,Hening Hu,Heidrun Pfeffer,Frank Dannel,Volker Römheld +8 more
TL;DR: Careful consideration of the physical and chemical properties of B in biological systems, and of the experimental data from both plants and animals suggests that B plays a critical role in membrane structure and hence function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenolics in ecological interactions: The importance of oxidation.
TL;DR: It is argued that physicochemical conditions of the environment that control phenolic oxidation generate variation in ecological activity and that experiments must be designed with conditions appropriate to the biochemical mode of phenolic action.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure and Function of Plasma Membrane ATPase
TL;DR: Transplasmalemma Redox Activity and the H+ -ATPase, as well as Evolutionary Relationships, are studied.