Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabis abuse as a risk factor for depressive symptoms.
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TLDR
In participants with no baseline depressive symptoms, those with a diagnosis of cannabis abuse at baseline were four times more likely than those with no cannabis abuse diagnosis to have depressive symptoms at the follow-up assessment, after adjusting for age, gender, antisocial symptoms, and other baseline covariates.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to estimate the degree to which cannabis abuse is a risk factor for depressive symptoms rather than an effort to self-medicate depression. METHOD: Participants (N=1,920) in the 1980 Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study who were reassessed between 1994 and 1996 as part of a follow-up study provided the data. The analysis focused on two cohorts: those who reported no depressive symptoms at baseline (N=849) and those with no diagnosis of cannabis abuse at baseline (N=1,837). Symptoms of depression, cannabis abuse, and other psychiatric disorders were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. RESULTS: In participants with no baseline depressive symptoms, those with a diagnosis of cannabis abuse at baseline were four times more likely than those with no cannabis abuse diagnosis to have depressive symptoms at the follow-up assessment, after adjusting for age, gender, antisocial symptoms, and other baseline covariates. In particular, these participants were more...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review
Theresa Hm Moore,Stanley Zammit,Stanley Zammit,Anne Lingford-Hughes,Thomas R. E. Barnes,Peter B. Jones,Margaret Burke,Glyn Lewis +7 more
TL;DR: There is now sufficient evidence to warn young people that using cannabis could increase their risk of developing a psychotic illness later in life, although evidence for affective outcomes is less strong.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research.
Joseph C. Franklin,Jessica D. Ribeiro,Kathryn R. Fox,Kate H. Bentley,Evan M. Kleiman,Xieyining Huang,Katherine M. Musacchio,Adam C. Jaroszewski,Bernard P. Chang,Matthew K. Nock +9 more
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of studies that have attempted to longitudinally predict a specific STB-related outcome suggests the need for a shift in focus from risk factors to machine learning-based risk algorithms.
The Self-medication Hypothesis of Substance Use Disorders: A Reconsideration and Recent Applications
TL;DR: The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders derives primarily from clinical observations of patients with substance use disorders as mentioned in this paper, who discover that the specific actions or effects of each class of drugs relieve or change a range of painful affect states.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research
TL;DR: Despite increased cannabis use and a changing state-level policy landscape, conclusive evidence regarding the shortand long-term health effects—both harms and benefits—of cannabis use remains elusive.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study
George C Patton,Carolyn Coffey,John B. Carlin,Louisa Degenhardt,Michael T. Lynskey,Wayne Hall +5 more
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that weekly or more frequent cannabis use in teenagers predicted an approximately twofold increase in risk for later depression and anxiety (1.9, 1.1 to 3.3) after adjustment for potential baseline confounders.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
National Institute of Mental Health diagnostic interview schedule: Its history, characteristics, and validity.
TL;DR: In this article, a new interview schedule allows lay interviewers or clinicians to make psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM-III criteria, Feighner criteria, and Research Diagnostic Criteria.
Book
Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis
Robert Rosenthal,Ralph L. Rosnow +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the nature of Behavioral Research, the development and testing of research ideas, and the selection of subjects and Stimuli for experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications.
TL;DR: Clinical observations and empirical studies that focus on painful affects and subjective states of distress more consistently suggest that such states of suffering are important psychological determinants in using, becoming dependent upon, and relapsing to addictive substances.
The Self-medication Hypothesis of Substance Use Disorders: A Reconsideration and Recent Applications
TL;DR: The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders derives primarily from clinical observations of patients with substance use disorders as mentioned in this paper, who discover that the specific actions or effects of each class of drugs relieve or change a range of painful affect states.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comorbidity between DSM-IV drug use disorders and major depression: results of a national survey of adults.
TL;DR: It is shown that comorbidity of a variety of drug use disorders and major depression is pervasive in the general population, demonstrating that professional help seeking, the self-medication hypothesis, and differential social-control theory are discussed.