Cardiopulmonary responses during arm work on land and in a water environment of nonambulatory, spinal cord impaired individuals.
TLDR
Based upon the results observed in this study, it appears that nonambulatory individuals with low fitness levels were able to experience greater cardiopulmonary work outputs when exercising in a water environment.Abstract:
Six handicapped and six nonhandicapped subjects were given exercise tolerance tests on land and in a water environment. The subjects exercised with their arms only and had their cardiopulmonary performance evaluated. Based upon the results observed in this study, it appears that nonambulatory individuals with low fitness levels were able to experience greater cardiopulmonary work outputs when exercising in a water environment. The less severely handicapped individuals displayed similar patterns to those observed in the NH subjects (i.e., no observable pattern) and thus, may not receive as great a benefit as the more severely handicapped. The water environment appears to improve venous return, cardiac output and lung ventilation, which assists the H subjects to be more efficient during exercise.read more
Citations
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Cardiorespiratory fitness and training in quadriplegics and paraplegics.
TL;DR: The long term benefits of endurance training in those with spinal cord injury has not been adequately studied, but there is suggestion that similar physiological and psychological changes may occur as in able-bodied individuals.
References
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Maximal oxygen consumption test during arm exercise--reliability and validity.
O. Bar-Or,L. D. Zwiren +1 more
TL;DR: The findings indicate that, following the suggested protocol, the individual repeatedly uses the same muscles and does reach an all-out stage, however, different individuals apparently are aided by their trunk and leg muscles to different degrees, which lowers the validity of this test as a predictor of aerobic capacity.
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Physical work capacity and physical conditioning in paraplegic patients
TL;DR: The maximal arm work capacity, as estimated from an exercise test using arm cycling in the sitting posture, was low as compared with that of healthy individuals, and the blood volume was significantly less than expected from the body weight and length.
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Energy costs of propelling wheelchair at various speeds: cardiac response and effect on steering accuracy.
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The use of multistage exercise testing with wheelchair ergometry and arm cranking in subjects with spinal cord lesions.
TL;DR: In five subjects with a wide range of neurological disability and two normal males the differences observed in maximum oxygen uptake, heart rate and ventilation during two forms of upper limbs exercise, were not significant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses to wheelchair and bicycle ergometry
TL;DR: The greater metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses observed during WERG exercise may be due to inefficient biomechanics and the relatively small upper body musculature used for propulsion.