China’s oil demand is likely to continue increasing in the next two decades, mainly driven by its rapidly growing vehicle fleet, particularly, personal cars. Developing a less oil-dependent transport system is critical in reducing China’s thirst for foreign oil and in improving air quality in the country’s hazy cities. A range of policy options and strategies can be utilized to encourage cleaner vehicle technologies and fuels. Compulsory fuel economy standards are essential to push automobile manufacturers to provide efficient vehicles. Moreover, fiscal policies such as fuel economy vehicle fees and high fuel taxes could encourage Chinese consumers to purchase efficient vehicles and drive less. From the fuel supply perspective, biofuels and coal-to-liquids could help mitigate China’s concern for its oil security in the interim. Most importantly, less energy and land-intensive travel options must be provided as alternatives to personal cars to meet the increasing mobility demand in China’s ongoing urbanization process. Because China and the United States have high demands for imported oil and face similar risks from high oil prices, they both should take responsibility in stabilizing the international oil price. These two largest oil-consuming countries could help to enhance their energy security and control their petroleum hunger by communicating and cooperating with each other in developing and demonstrating clean and efficient vehicle technologies, substituting oil-based fuels with alternative fuels, and promoting integrated urban planning with an emphasis on maximizing overall transportation energy efficiency.

China and northeast Asia

Reducing China’s Thirst for Foreign Oil: Moving Towards a Less Oil-Dependent Road Transport System

What explains variation in how a patron manages its existing alliance with a client state when improving relations with an adversary? I theorize that the patron’s alliance management strategy is in...

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Managing Small Allies Amidst Patron–Adversary Rapprochement: A Tale of Two Koreas

Sourcing sufficient supplies of energy to meet rapidly growing domestic demand is a major challenge for both China and India. The choices these two giants have made to meet that challenge in recent years will have long-term repercussions for the rest of the world. Although efforts to join forces in a global search for energy security are unlikely to overcome deeply ingrained Indian suspicions of China, both countries have already signed a series of energy co-operation agreements indicating the two states are seeking each other as strategic partners. This study provides an overview of the incentives for Sino-Indian co-operation in satisfying domestic oil demands. It will also examine the implications of such collaboration on regional and global orders.

Sino-Indian co-operation in Africa: Joint efforts in the oil sector

: Subterranean warfare has evolved throughout history into what has become a technique for possibly negating the effect of air power. From the ancient underground structures in what is now present day to the heavily defended and fortified bunkers located in Iraq during Desert Storm subterranean warfare has time and time again negated the otherwise overwhelming destructive capability of superior air power. Analysis of warfare leads to several conclusions, as evidenced in the case study of the horrific, bloody fighting during the battle for Peleliu during World War II. During this battle over 10,000 thousand Marines casualties resulted from the fighting in an area 400 yards by 900 yards. Over the years the United States military has encountered subterranean structures and struggled with techniques to destroy these complex systems. Presently, the United States military has no doctrine, tactics, techniques, or procedures for subterranean warfare. The researcher used case study and evaluation of years of warfare, during which the United States' enemies used subterranean tactics to defend territory. The researcher believes that there is a doctrinal void when it comes to engaging subterranean targets. Several propositions of Airpower may have to be reevaluated, based on the premise that our enemies will dig further and further into the earth as a result of U.S. Airpower in the future.

Subterranean Warfare: A Counter to U.S. Airpower

: As so often before, significant change in one side of the Soviet-U.S. -China triangle points up the need for adjustments in another, as well as the complex impact upon Japan and the other states of Asia. In sum, the heart of the Sino-Soviet conflict remains: Russia wants a weak, relatively isolated China, while China, in turn, is, determined to attain security in the short run through ties to the West and Japan, and in the long run by achieving the status of a major -- if not dominant -- power in Asia.

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China and northeast Asia

Citations

Reducing China’s Thirst for Foreign Oil: Moving Towards a Less Oil-Dependent Road Transport System

Managing Small Allies Amidst Patron–Adversary Rapprochement: A Tale of Two Koreas

Sino-Indian co-operation in Africa: Joint efforts in the oil sector

Subterranean Warfare: A Counter to U.S. Airpower

A New Balance of Power in Northeast Asia

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