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Journal ArticleDOI

Chronically decerebrate rats demonstrate satiation but not bait shyness.

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TLDR
Food-deprived decerebrate rats, like intact ones, ingested a taste substance they had rejected when sated, but these same decerebrates neither rejected nor decreased ingestive reactions to a novel taste after that taste had been repeatedly paired with lithium chloride-induced illness.
Abstract
Taste substances applied to the oral cavity result in either ingestion or rejection, each with a characteristic muscular response pattern. These responses are the same in decerebrate and intact rats; the caudal brainstem appears to be the neural substrate of ingestion and rejection responses. The experiment determined whether decerebrates can alter these discriminative responses as a function of food deprivation or toxicosis. Food-deprived decerebrate rats, like intact ones, ingested a taste substance they had rejected when sated. However, these same decerebrates, in contrast to controls, neither rejected nor decreased ingestive reactions to a novel taste after that taste had been repeatedly paired with lithium chloride-induced illness. Although the forebrain may be important for integrating ingestion, some aspects of this control seem to be represented in caudal brain areas.

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Citations
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The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction

TL;DR: S sensitization of incentive salience can produce addictive behavior even if the expectation of drug pleasure or the aversive properties of withdrawal are diminished and even in the face of strong disincentives, including the loss of reputation, job, home and family.
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What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?

TL;DR: It is suggested that dopamine may be more important to incentive salience attributions to the neural representations of reward-related stimuli and is a distinct component of motivation and reward.
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Food reward: Brain substrates of wanting and liking

TL;DR: Evidence from many sources is reviewed regarding both the psychological structure of food reward and the neural systems that mediate it and it is argued that this evidence suggests the following surprising possibilities regarding the functional components and brain substrates of food Reward.
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Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake

TL;DR: This Review summarizes current knowledge regarding the neuroendocrine regulation of food intake by the gastrointestinal system, focusing on gastric distention, intestinal and pancreatic satiation peptides, and the orexigenic gastric hormone ghrelin, and highlights mechanisms governing nutrient sensing and peptide secretion by enteroendocrine cells.
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Neuroleptics and operant behavior: The anhedonia hypothesis

TL;DR: For example, the authors found that the most subtle and interesting effect of neuroleptics is a selective attenuation of motivational arousal which is critical for goal-directed behavior, normally induced by reinforcers and associated environmental stimuli, and normally accompanied by the subjective experience of pleasure.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The taste reactivity test. I. Mimetic responses to gustatory stimuli in neurologically normal rats

TL;DR: These normative data for the intact rat can be directly compared to the taste reactivity of neurally ablated preparations which do not spontaneously feed or drink and can be utlized in determining the neural substrates necessary for the execution and regulation of ingestive behavior.
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The taste reactivity test. II. Mimetic responses to gustatory stimuli in chronic thalamic and chronic decerebrate rats

TL;DR: Based on the similarities in the ingestion and rejection responses of decerebrate and intact rats, it appears that discriminative responses to taste result from integrative mechanisms complete within, or caudal to, the midbrain.
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An electromyographic analysis of reflex deglutition.

TL;DR: An electromyographic definition of the reflex coordination readily accessible and conveniently exact, yet far surpassing the integrative qualities of simpler reflex action is presented.
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The physiological psychology of hunger: a physiological perspective.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the stimulus for hunger derives from information provided to the brain by the liver in the course of normal hepatic function, and may be associated with an alteration in oxidative metabolism within the liver, with food intake reversing that change.