Journal ArticleDOI
Citizen scientists record novel leaf phenology of invasive shrubs in eastern U.S. forests
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After exploring broad-scale environmental variables associated with leaf phenology, a similar correlation with pre-growing season warmth for native and invasive shrubs, but a different relationship with dormant chill days—a variable less frequently considered for modeling spring phenology for forest productivity.Abstract:
Invasive shrubs are an emergent concern in deciduous forests of eastern North America. Their extended leaf phenology (ELP)—earlier leaf emergence and later leaf off compared to native shrubs and the overstory canopy—can simultaneously provide photosynthetic benefits to invasive shrubs while negatively affecting native flora and fauna through producing novel understory shade when the overstory canopy is leafless. However, phenology varies geographically, and the degree to which ELP from local-scale studies applies across the range of forests experiencing shrub invasion is unknown. In partnership with the USA National Phenology Network, we developed a citizen science campaign to record broad patterns of species-specific ELP—an otherwise prohibitively large effort. Using 1500 observations of 14 species spanning 4 years, we found that the difference in leaf phenology between native and invasive shrubs can exceed 77 days within a growing season, a gap that decreases with increasing latitude by 2.9 [1.6, 4.2] days per degree latitude in the spring, and 2.2 [0.6, 1.9] in the fall. Geographic trends in ELP provide a context for interpreting local scale phenology research while bridging inconsistent findings between existing studies and can streamline management by targeting detection and removal of invasive shrubs with leaves while natives are dormant. Furthermore, even small changes to seasonal phenology can impact forest communities, especially if there is a differential response to climate cues by nativity. After exploring broad-scale environmental variables associated with leaf phenology, we find a similar correlation with pre-growing season warmth for native and invasive shrubs, but a different relationship with dormant chill days—a variable less frequently considered for modeling spring phenology for forest productivity.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Science and Management Advancements Made Possible by the USA National Phenology Network's Nature's Notebook Platform
TL;DR: The USA National Phenology Network was established in 2007 to formalize standardized phenology monitoring across the country as discussed by the authors , where participants range from backyard observers with an interest in nature to researchers and natural resource managers asking specific questions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Limited evidence for phenological differences between non-native and native species
Meredith A. Zettlemoyer,Sage L. Ellis,Clayton W Hale,Emma C. Horne,Riley D. Thoen,Megan L. DeMarche +5 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors review the empirical evidence for and against differences in phenology and phenological sensitivity to climate in both native vs. non-native species and native and introduced populations of nonnative species.
Posted ContentDOI
Science and management advancements made possible by the USA National Phenology Network’s Nature’s Notebook platform
Journal ArticleDOI
Volunteer-contributed observations of flowering often correlate with airborne pollen concentrations.
Theresa M. Crimmins,Elizabeth Vogt,Claudia L. Brown,D. Dalan,Arie Manangan,Guy Robinson,Yiluan Song,Kaiming Zhu,Daniel Katz +8 more
Journal ArticleDOI
The Seasonal Influence of Invasive Shrubs on Light and Temperature in an Eastern Deciduous Forest Understory
TL;DR: Invasive shrubs are flourishing in temperate, deciduous forest understories of eastern North America where resources, especially light, are limited as discussed by the authors, and the presence of invasive shrubs seasonally reduces temperature and light availability near the forest floor.
References
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