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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Classer les aliments selon leur niveau de transformation – Quels sont les différents systèmes et leurs limites ?

Isabelle Souchon, +1 more
- 01 Jun 2022 - 
- Vol. 57, Iss: 3, pp 194-209
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TLDR
A survey of the literature on the different classification systems, as well as their limitations can be found in this paper , where nine classifications are discussed and compared, and some of them are described with more precise rules, but none of these classifications is based on a real algorithm, nor does it propose an official classification that users could use as a “gold standard”.
Abstract
La part des aliments transformés dans les régimes alimentaires n’a cessé de croître ces dernières décennies. Ils répondent aux attentes et besoins des modes de vie contemporains, et couvrent une grande part des besoins nutritionnels. Toutefois, de nombreuses études épidémiologiques ont pu identifier des liens entre la consommation d’aliments dits « ultra » ou « très » transformés et la santé. Ces études s’appuient sur des systèmes de classement des aliments selon leur niveau de transformation. Cet article s’appuie sur une analyse de la littérature et vise à présenter les différents systèmes de classement, ainsi que les limites de ces derniers Neuf classifications sont discutées et comparées. Si certaines sont décrites avec des règles plus précises, aucune de ces classifications ne s’appuie sur un réel algorithme et ne propose pas non plus de classement « officiel » que les utilisateurs pourraient utiliser comme « gold standard », expliquant pour partie le manque de robustesse de ces classifications. Par ailleurs, aucun consensus ne semble se dégager sur les facteurs déterminant le niveau de transformation d’un aliment, montrant le besoin d’un travail interdisciplinaire afin de proposer un système de classification robuste et universel des aliments selon leur niveau de transformation. The proportion of processed foods in diets of many countries increased over the past decades. Processed foods meet the expectations and needs of contemporary lifestyles, and contribute to a large extent to covering nutritional needs. However, numerous epidemiological studies have identified links between the consumption of so-called “ultra” or “highly” processed foods and health. These studies are based on food classification systems according to their level of processing. This article gives an overview of the literature on the different classification systems, as well as their limitations. Nine classifications are discussed and compared. Although some of them are described with more precise rules, none of these classifications is based on a real algorithm, nor does it propose an “official” classification that users could use as a “gold standard”. This observation partly explains the lack of robustness of these classifications. Furthermore, there is no consensus on what factors determine the level of food processing, showing the need for interdisciplinary work in order to propose a robust and universal classification system for foods according to their level of processing.

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References
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