Clinical Potential of the Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates Cidofovir, Adefovir, and Tenofovir in Treatment of DNA Virus and Retrovirus Infections
TLDR
The acyclic nucleoside phosphonates HPMPC, PMEA, and PMPA have proved to be effective in vitro (cell culture systems) and in vivo (animal models and clinical studies) against a wide variety of DNA virus and retrovirus infections.Abstract:
The acyclic nucleoside phosphonates HPMPC (cidofovir), PMEA (adefovir), and PMPA (tenofovir) have proved to be effective in vitro (cell culture systems) and in vivo (animal models and clinical studies) against a wide variety of DNA virus and retrovirus infections: cidofovir against herpesvirus (herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus [CMV], Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8), polyomavirus, papillomavirus, adenovirus, and poxvirus (variola virus, cowpox virus, vaccinia virus, molluscum contagiosum virus, and orf virus) infections; adefovir against herpesvirus, hepadnavirus (human hepatitis B virus), and retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus types 1 [HIV-1] and 2 [HIV-2], simian immunodeficiency virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus) infections; and tenofovir against both hepadnavirus and retrovirus infections. Cidofovir (Vistide) has been officially approved for the treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) has been approved for the treatment of HIV infections (i.e., AIDS), and adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera) has been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Nephrotoxicity is the dose-limiting side effect for cidofovir (Vistide) when used intravenously (5 mg/kg); no toxic side effects have been described for adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, at the approved doses (Hepsera at 10 mg orally daily and Viread at 300 mg orally daily).read more
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Patrick Marcellin,Ting-Tsung Chang,Seng Gee Lim,Myron J. Tong,William Sievert,Mitchell L. Shiffman,Lennox J. Jeffers,Zachary Goodman,Michael Wulfsohn,Shelly Xiong,John Fry,Carol L. Brosgart +11 more
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Adefovir Dipivoxil for the Treatment of Hepatitis B e Antigen–Negative Chronic Hepatitis B
Stephanos J. Hadziyannis,Nicolaos C. Tassopoulos,E. Jenny Heathcote,Ting-Tsung Chang,George Kitis,Mario Rizzetto,Patrick Marcellin,Seng Gee Lim,Zachary Goodman,Michael Wulfsohn,Shelly Xiong,John Fry,Carol L. Brosgart +12 more
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Prevention of SIV Infection in Macaques by (R)-9-(2-Phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine
Che-Chung Tsai,Kathryn E. Follis,Alexander Sabo,Thomas W. Beck,Richard Grant,Norbert Bischofberger,Raoul E. Benveniste,Roberta J. Black +7 more
TL;DR: A potential role for PMPA prophylaxis against early HIV infection in cases of known exposure is suggested and it is suggested that pre- and postexposure treatment with the antiviral compound PMPA prevented SIV infection in all macaques without toxicity.
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