Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive abilities and safety on the road: A re-examination of individual differences in dichotic listening and search for embedded figures.
TLDR
Five cognitive ability tests were administered to a sample of 153 bus-driver trainees and the embedded figures test (EFT) and the dichotic listening test (DLT) showed no correlations with driver performance measures, thus failing to replicate earlier findings.Abstract:
Five cognitive ability tests were administered to a sample of 153 bus-driver trainees. The embedded figures test (EFT) of Witkin (1950) and the dichotic listening test (DLT) of Gopher and Kahneman (1971) were chosen on the basis of previously reported correlations with driving accident rate. The remainder were designed to cast light on what cognitive processes the EFT and DLT measure, and hence why they should relate to driving ability. The EFT correlated only marginally with success in driver training and with accident rate in a follow-up period of two years. There was no support for the hypothesis that this test measures a general ability to resist the influence of dominant stimuli. Instead a substantial correlation (0·64) was obtained with a typical ‘intelligence’ test. The DLT showed no correlations with driver performance measures, thus failing to replicate earlier findings. There was no support for the hypothesis that this test measures a general ability to switch from one task or mental set to anot...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective
Michael J. Kane,Randall W. Engle +1 more
TL;DR: Although the dorsolateral PFC is but one critical structure in a network of anterior and posterior “attention control” areas, it does have a unique executiveattention role in actively maintaining access to stimulus representations and goals in interference-rich contexts.
Journal ArticleDOI
The five factor model of personality and job performance in the European Community.
TL;DR: The results indicate that Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability are valid predictors across job criteria and occupational groups, and the remaining factors are valid only for some criteria and for some occupational groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Behavioral-correlates of individual-differences in road-traffic crash risk - an examination of methods and findings
TL;DR: Qualitative issues relevant to the study of differential crash involvement and the findings of research in this area are considered and the ways in which research in the area might usefully proceed are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Models of driving behavior: A review of their evolution
TL;DR: It is concluded that the hierarchical control structure and theories of automaticity and errors provide the potential tools for defining alternative criterion measures, such as safety margins, and developing testable theories of driving behavior and crash causation.
Journal ArticleDOI
A meta-analytic study of general mental ability validity for different occupations in the European community.
Jesús F. Salgado,Neil Anderson,Silvia Moscoso,Cristina Bertua,Filip De Fruyt,Jean Pierre Rolland +5 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive meta-analysis of the validity of general mental ability measures across 12 occupational categories in the European Community is presented and shows that there is validity generalization and large operational validities for job performance and training success in 11 occupational groups.