Journal ArticleDOI
Cosmological Schwarzschild radii and Newtonian gravitational theory
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In this paper, the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker zero-pressure dust-filled universe is described using a Schwarzschild-like curvature spatial coordinate R along with the usual cosmological time coordinate t.Abstract:
We describe Friedmann–Robertson–Walker zero‐pressure dust‐filled universes using a Schwarzschild‐like curvature spatial coordinate R along with the usual cosmological time coordinate t. In terms of coordinates (R,t), the geodesic equations of general relativity for the motion of the galaxies comprising the universe satisfy exactly a Newtonian inverse‐square relationship. This allows us to formulate relativistic cosmology by starting first with Newtonian cosmology. After the mathematics of Newtonian cosmology is worked out, the general‐relativistic metric for the universe is constructed from a well‐defined prescription, and the behavior of light signals is then determined from the metric. It is found that certain radial light signals born at the Big Bang eventually reach a maximum distance in their journey through the universe, where they turn around and return to some arbitrarily chosen origin. The turning around takes place at an apparent horizon located at a Schwarzschild radius in the universe.read more
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Gauge Theory Gravity with Geometric Calculus
TL;DR: In this paper, a new unitary formulation of Einstein's tensor illuminates long-standing problems with energy-momentum conservation in general relativity and provides many simplifications and fresh insights in theoretical formulation and physical applications of the theory.
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Einstein's mistake and the cosmological constant
Alex Harvey,Engelbert Schucking +1 more
TL;DR: A brief history of the cosmological constant in the equations of general relativity is presented in this paper, with particular attention paid to a misunderstanding by Einstein of both its function as a repulsive force and new vacuum state rather than the relativistic analog of an exponential potential cutoff he had introduced.
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Newton’s absolute time and space in general relativity
TL;DR: In this article, a reference system in a spherically symmetric gravitational field is built around times recorded by radially moving geodesic clocks, and the resulting Newtonian/general-relativistic equations for geodeic clocks are used to generate exact relativistic metric forms in terms of the coordinates (R,t).
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Singular Shell Embedded into a Cosmological Model
Øyvind Grøn,Peter D. Rippis +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a relativistic equation of motion for a thin shell embedded in a Schwarzschild/Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker spacetime is derived.
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The incompleteness of kruskal–szekeres spacetime
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the reference system is not maximally extended, as is commonly reported in the literature, and that the left-hand side correspond to negative values of the spatial coordinate should not be included when describing a physical spacetime.