Patent
Coupling circuit with driven guard
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TLDR
In this article, the effects of common mode potentials on the patient's body are minimized without requiring any patient electrodes other than those acting as signal sources by using a unity gain amplifier to drive the floating ground toward the common modes on the body.Abstract:
In signal measurement circuits which are referred to a floating ground and which derive their input signals from electrodes attached to a patient's body, the effects of common mode potentials on the patient's body are minimized without requiring any patient electrodes other than those acting as signal sources by using a unity gain amplifier to drive the floating ground toward the common mode potential on the patient's body. This process is accomplished without significantly degrading the isolation impedance between the measurement circuits and true ground. The patient is protected from hazardous electrical shock by referencing the unity gain amplifier to a given point and connecting a large impedance between that point and true ground.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reductionl of Interference Due to Common Mode Voltage in Biopotential Amplifiers
Bruce B. Winter,John G. Webster +1 more
TL;DR: Several design approaches for two- and three-electrode amplifiers, both nonisolated and isolated, that reduce this interference are reviewed.
Patent
Virtual right leg drive and augmented right leg drive circuits for common mode voltage reduction in ECG and EEG measurements
TL;DR: An isolated amplifier as discussed by the authors is a biomedical amplifier with inputs for receiving signals, a circuit for sensing a common mode voltage received by the inputs from the electrodes, and a capacitance to chassis ground for receiving a voltage representative of the compensation voltage.
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System and method for increasing the depth of focus of the human eye
David Miller,Ernesto E. Blanco +1 more
TL;DR: A method and apparatus for increasing the depth of focus of the human eye is comprised of a lens body, an optic in the lens body configured to produce light interference, and a pinhole-like optical aperture substantially in the center of the optic.
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Automatic input impedance balancing for electrocardiogram (ECG) sensing applications
TL;DR: In this article, a voltage sensing system includes input impedance balancing for electrocardiogram (ECG) sensing or other applications, providing immunity to common-mode noise signals while capable of use with two electrodes.
Patent
Dry electrode system for detection of biopotentials
TL;DR: In this article, a dry electrode system for the detection of biopotentials existing on the surface of the skin of a living body, including a dry electrodes pad with a resilient conductive pad adhering to at least one adhesive pad or otherwise having opposed adhesive surfaces, was presented.
References
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Patent
Electrocardiograph lead distribution and contact testing apparatus
TL;DR: In this article, an electrocardiograph apparatus including a recorder electrically connected by a patient cable to a number of electrical terminals in a distribution head so that each terminal forms a contact point for a series of lead wires each adapted to receive electrical impulses from a selected location of the patient's body.
Patent
Electrically isolated signal path means for a physiological monitor
TL;DR: In this article, a circuit for providing electrical isolation between a patient and physiological monitoring apparatus comprising an amplifier, having applied to the input thereof a physiological signal from the patient, and a first circuit branch including an isolation transformer connected between a modulator and a demodulator for connecting a d.c. voltage source of relatively low magnitude to the amplifier.
Patent
Multiple channel electrocardiograph
TL;DR: In this article, a multiple channel electrocardiograph is presented, where three body voltage measurements are simultaneously read-out on a moving chart, and a selectively operable circuit for automatically attentuating chest voltage measurements taken in vicinity of the heart.
Patent
Method and apparatus for bio-electrical signal measurement
TL;DR: In this paper, an isolated front-end amplifying system enclosed by a floating shield connected to one of the patient leads was used to provide a high common mode rejection ratio and good isolation, and transformer or other suitable isolation coupling furnishes output signals from the isolated front end to the instrumentation processing circuitry.