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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Cronbach's alpha.

J M Bland, +1 more
- 22 Feb 1997 - 
- Vol. 314, Iss: 7080, pp 572-572
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TLDR
The mini-HAQ score as mentioned in this paper is a measure of impairment developed for patients with cervical myelopathy, which has 10 items (table 1)) recording the degree of difficulty experienced in carrying out daily activities.
Abstract
Many quantities of interest in medicine, such as anxiety or degree of handicap, are impossible to measure explicitly. Instead, we ask a series of questions and combine the answers into a single numerical value. Often this is done by simply adding a score from each answer. For example, the mini-HAQ is a measure of impairment developed for patients with cervical myelopathy.1 This has 10 items (table 1)) recording the degree of difficulty experienced in carrying out daily activities. Each item is scored from 1 (no difficulty) to 4 (can't do). The scores on the 10 items are summed to give the mini-HAQ score. View this table: Table 1 Mini-HAQ scale in 249 severely impaired subjects When items are used to form a scale they need to have internal consistency. The …

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Making sense of Cronbach's alpha

TL;DR: The meaning of Cronbach’s alpha, the most widely used objective measure of reliability, is explained and the underlying assumptions behind alpha are explained in order to promote its more effective use.
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Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument.

TL;DR: The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an instrument that can be used to determine the methodological quality of observational or non‐randomized studies in surgical research.
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Validation and Standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the General Population

TL;DR: Evidence supports reliability and validity of the G AD-7 as a measure of anxiety in the general population and can be used to compare a subject's GAD-7 score with those determined from a general population reference group.
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A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: Validation and standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population.

TL;DR: Results from this study support the reliability and validity of thePHQ-4, PHQ-2, and GAD-2 as ultra-brief measures of depression and anxiety in the general population and can be used to compare a subject's scale score with those determined from a general population reference group.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests.

TL;DR: In this paper, a general formula (α) of which a special case is the Kuder-Richardson coefficient of equivalence is shown to be the mean of all split-half coefficients resulting from different splittings of a test, therefore an estimate of the correlation between two random samples of items from a universe of items like those in the test.
Journal ArticleDOI

Low job control and risk of coronary heart disease in whitehall ii (prospective cohort) study

TL;DR: The cumulative effect of low job control assessed on two occasions indicates that giving employees more variety in tasks and a stronger say in decisions about work may decrease the risk of coronary heart disease.
Journal ArticleDOI

Reliability and validity of a new measure of patient satisfaction with out of hours primary medical care in the united kingdom: development of a patient questionnaire

TL;DR: A reliable and valid measure of patient satisfaction with out of hours primary medical care has been developed and development of such scales is demanding on time and experience but is feasible.
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