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Open AccessProceedings ArticleDOI

Deep learning and the information bottleneck principle

TLDR
It is argued that both the optimal architecture, number of layers and features/connections at each layer, are related to the bifurcation points of the information bottleneck tradeoff, namely, relevant compression of the input layer with respect to the output layer.
Abstract
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are analyzed via the theoretical framework of the information bottleneck (IB) principle. We first show that any DNN can be quantified by the mutual information between the layers and the input and output variables. Using this representation we can calculate the optimal information theoretic limits of the DNN and obtain finite sample generalization bounds. The advantage of getting closer to the theoretical limit is quantifiable both by the generalization bound and by the network's simplicity. We argue that both the optimal architecture, number of layers and features/connections at each layer, are related to the bifurcation points of the information bottleneck tradeoff, namely, relevant compression of the input layer with respect to the output layer. The hierarchical representations at the layered network naturally correspond to the structural phase transitions along the information curve. We believe that this new insight can lead to new optimality bounds and deep learning algorithms.

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Citations
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Posted Content

Nonlinear Information Bottleneck.

TL;DR: This work proposes a method for performing IB on arbitrarily-distributed discrete and/or continuous X and Y, while allowing for nonlinear encoding and decoding maps, that achieves better performance than the recently-proposed “variational IB” method on several real-world datasets.
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Deep Learning Theory Review: An Optimal Control and Dynamical Systems Perspective.

TL;DR: This article provides one possible way to align existing branches of deep learning theory through the lens of dynamical system and optimal control and provides a principled way for hyper-parameter tuning when optimal control theory is introduced.
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Explaining a black-box using Deep Variational Information Bottleneck Approach

TL;DR: The variational information bottleneck for interpretation, VIBI, is proposed, a system-agnostic interpretable method that provides a brief but comprehensive explanation that is both interpretability and fidelity evaluated by human and quantitative metrics.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Global Model Interpretation Via Recursive Partitioning

TL;DR: In this article, a binary tree is learned from the contribution matrix, which consists of the contributions of input variables to predicted scores for each single prediction, and a unified process recursively partitions the input variable space by maximizing the difference in the average contribution of the split variable between the divided spaces.
Posted Content

The Description Length of Deep Learning Models

TL;DR: This work shows experimentally that despite their huge number of parameters, deep neural networks can compress the data losslessly even when taking the cost of encoding the parameters into account.
References
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Proceedings Article

ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

TL;DR: The state-of-the-art performance of CNNs was achieved by Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) as discussed by the authors, which consists of five convolutional layers, some of which are followed by max-pooling layers, and three fully-connected layers with a final 1000-way softmax.
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TL;DR: In this article, an effective way of initializing the weights that allows deep autoencoder networks to learn low-dimensional codes that work much better than principal components analysis as a tool to reduce the dimensionality of data is described.
Journal ArticleDOI

Representation Learning: A Review and New Perspectives

TL;DR: Recent work in the area of unsupervised feature learning and deep learning is reviewed, covering advances in probabilistic models, autoencoders, manifold learning, and deep networks.
Book

Learning Deep Architectures for AI

TL;DR: The motivations and principles regarding learning algorithms for deep architectures, in particular those exploiting as building blocks unsupervised learning of single-layer modelssuch as Restricted Boltzmann Machines, used to construct deeper models such as Deep Belief Networks are discussed.