Journal ArticleDOI
Detachment of Undisturbed Soil by Shallow Flow
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TLDR
In this article, the authors evaluated the influence of flow discharge, slope gradient, flow velocity, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power on detachment rates of natural, undisturbed, mixed mesic typical Udorthent soil.Abstract:
Quantification of soil detachment rates is necessary to establish a basic understanding of soil erosion processes and to develop fundamental-based erosion models. Many studies have been conducted on the detachment rates of disturbed soils, but very little has been done to quantify the rates of detachment for natural soil conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of flow discharge, slope gradient, flow velocity, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power on detachment rates of natural, undisturbed, mixed mesic typical Udorthent soil. Flow rates ranged from 0.25 to 2.0 L s -1 and slope gradient ranged from 8.8 to 46.6%. This study was compared with a previous study that used disturbed soil prepared by static compression. The results indicated that the detachment rates of disturbed soil were 1 to 23 times greater than the ones of natural undisturbed soil. It was necessary to use natural undisturbed soil samples to simulate the detachment process and to evaluate the influence of hydraulic parameter on detachment rate. Along with flow rate increasing, detachment rate increased as a linear function. Detachment rate also increased with slope gradient, but the functional relationship between the two variables depended on flow rate. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that detachment rate could be well predicted by a power function of flow rate and slope gradient (R 2 = 0.96). Mean flow velocity was closely correlated to detachment rate (r 2 = 0.91). Flow detachment rate was better correlated to a power function of stream power (r 2 = 0.95) than to functions of either shear stress or unit stream power.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Resistance of soils to concentrated flow erosion: A review
TL;DR: In this paper, all available data on the resistance of topsoils to concentrated flow erosion in terms of channel erodibility (Kc) and critical shear stress (τcr) has been collected together with all soil and environmental properties reported in literature to affect the soil erosion resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rill erosion: Exploring the relationship between experiments, modelling and field observations
TL;DR: In this article, a critical review of the theoretical concepts underpinning current rill flow and sediment detachment models is made in the light of recent experimental results, and modifications to the theoretical formulations used in rill erosion models so that they are in better agreement with experimental evidence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Soil Organic Matter in Maintaining Sustainability of Cropping Systems
TL;DR: Soil organic matter (SOM) is the organic fraction of the soil exclusive of undecayed plant and animal residues as discussed by the authors, which plays a crucial role in maintaining sustainability of cropping systems by improving soil physical (texture, structure, bulk density, and water-holding capacity), chemical (nutrient availability, cation exchange capacity, reduced aluminum toxicity, and allelopathy), and biological (nitrogen mineralization bacteria, dinitrogen fixation, mycorrhizae fungi, and microbial biomass) properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Field experiments for understanding and quantification of rill erosion processes
TL;DR: In this article, the results of rill experiments accomplished in Andalusia in September 2008 using a novel experimental set up were presented, which indicated that the existing soil erosion equations based on shear forces exerted by the flowing water are not able to describe rill erosion processes satisfactory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sediment Transport and Soil Detachment on Steep Slopes: I. Transport Capacity Estimation
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of discharge, slope gradient, and mean flow velocity on sediment transport capacity in shallow flows and investigate the relationship between T c and shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power on steep slopes using a 5m-long and 0.4m-wide nonerodible flume bed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Process-Based Soil Erosion Model for USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project Technology
TL;DR: In this paper, a model was developed for estimating soil erosion by water on hillslopes for use in new USDA erosion prediction technology. Detachment, transport, and deposition processes were represented.
Journal ArticleDOI
The European Soil Erosion Model (EUROSEM): A dynamic approach for predicting sediment transport from fields and small catchments.
Rpc Morgan,John Quinton,Roger E. Smith,Gerard Govers,Jean Poesen,Karl Auerswald,G Chisci,Dino Torri,Merete Styczen +8 more
TL;DR: The European Soil Erosion Model (EUROSEM) as mentioned in this paper is a dynamic distributed model able to simulate sediment transport, erosion and deposition over the land surface by rill and interill processes in single storms for both individual fields and small catchments.
Journal ArticleDOI
LISEM: a single-event physically based hydrological and soil erosion model for drainage basins; I: theory, input and output
TL;DR: The Limburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM) as mentioned in this paper is a physically based model incorporated in a raster geographical information system, which facilitates easy application in larger catchments, improves the user-friendliness by avoiding conversion routines and allows the use of remotely sensed data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling water erosion due to overland flow using physical principles: 1. Sheet flow
P. B. Hairsine,Calvin Wyatt Rose +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a new model for erosion of plane soil surfaces by water is developed using physical principles, where the action of the eroding agents will be divided between eroding the unshielded original cohesive soil and reintroducing sediment from the deposited layer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydraulics and erosion in eroding rills
TL;DR: In this paper, a relationship for rill flow velocities was proposed, which was found to be a consistent and appropriate predictor for unit sediment load for the entire data set, while other hydraulic variables were not.