Long-term climate changes related with urbanization in Tokyo, Japan, and recent temperature and heavy rainfall distribution in the Tokyo metropolitan area are reviewed. A relatively high temperature increase in annual mean temperature at the rate of 3.0°C/century was detected in Tokyo for the period 1901-2015. Some observational evidence showed the existence of both thermal and mechanical effects of urbanization on recent heavy rainfall occurrences, and modeling studies also support precipitation enhancement. Urban influences were recognized in other climatological elements, such as number of fog days, relative humidity, and wind circulation.

Detection of the atmospheric pressure depression in the center of Tokyo using data corrected by assuming hydrostatic equilibrium : A case study when a typical urban heat island existed in the center of Tokyo at nighttime summer

Detection of the atmospheric pressure depression in the center of Tokyo using data corrected by assuming hydrostatic equilibrium : A case study when a typical urban heat island existed in the center of Tokyo at nighttime summer

Citations

Urban climate in the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan.

References

Urban climate in the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan.

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