Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of the Dietary Inclusion of Copper and(or) Antibiotics on the Performance of Weanling Pigs
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that high levels of dietary copper increase the growth rate and reduce the incidence of mortality among weanling pigs and that the growth-promoting effects of copper and CTC, a broad spectrum antibiotic, or VIR, a gram-positive antibiotic, are additive in nature.Abstract:
Five trials involving 518 pigs were conducted to determine the effects of the dietary addition of copper (0 or 250 ppm as copper sulfate) with and without antibiotics (55 ppm chlortetracycline, CTC, or 27.5 ppm virginiamycin VIR) on the rate and efficiency of gain and survival of early-weaned pigs. The experimental animals consisted of all pigs weaned from each of 67 litters at 28 +/- 2 days of age, regardless of weight or condition. In trials 1 through 4, single additions of copper, CTC or VIR to the corn-soybean meal-based diet improved (P less than .05) daily gains by 22, 22 and 17%, respectively, and feed to gain ratios by 5.1, 8.9 and 8.2% compared with those of pigs fed the unsupplemented diet during the 28-day trials. However, only the addition of copper to the diet increased (P less than .05) postweaning pig survival. Dietary inclusion of both copper and an antibiotic (CTC or VIR) further improved daily gains (P less than .05) by 10 to 11% and feed to gain ratios by 2 to 5% compared with the single addition of each antimicrobial agent. In trial 5, 125 ppm of copper were found to optimize daily gain and feed intake, whereas 250 ppm were required to maximize pig survival. These data demonstrate that high levels (125 to 250 ppm) of dietary copper increase the growth rate and reduce the incidence of mortality among weanling pigs. The data also indicate that the growth-promoting effects of copper and CTC, a broad spectrum antibiotic, or VIR, a gram-positive antibiotic, are additive in nature.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Animals
TL;DR: Alternatives to growth-promoting and prophylactic uses of antimicrobials in agriculture include improved management practices, wider use of vaccines, and introduction of probiotics to minimize the further development of antimicrobial resistance.
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Why and how antibiotics are used in swine production
TL;DR: Antibiotics were discovered over 50 years ago and have since been widely used in the livestock and poultry industries, and represent an extremely important tool in the efficient production of pork, beef, poultry meat, and other animal products.
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Antimicrobial resistance in humans, livestock and the wider environment
TL;DR: AMR is somewhat analogous to climate change, and that suggests that an intergovernmental panel, akin to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, could be an appropriate vehicle to actively address the problem.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review.
Yanhong Liu,Charmaine D Espinosa,Jerubella J Abelilla,G. A. Casas,G. A. Casas,L Vanessa Lagos,Su A Lee,Woong Bi Kwon,J. K. Mathai,D. M. D. L. Navarro,N. W. Jaworski,Hans-Henrik Stein +11 more
TL;DR: It is also possible that use of prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast, and nucleotides may have positive impacts on pig performance, but results have been less consistent and there is a need for more research in this area.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide with or without the inclusion of an antibacterial agent on nursery pig performance.
Gretchen M. Hill,D. C. Mahan,Stuart D. Carter,Gary L. Cromwell,R. C. Ewan,R. L. Harrold,Austin Lewis,Phillip S. Miller,Gerald C Shurson,Trygve L. Veum +9 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that supplemental ZnO at 1,500 to 2,000 mg Zn/kg Zn improved postweaning pig performance, and its combination with an antibacterial agent resulted in additional performance improvements.
References
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Effect of copper sulfate and other chemotherapeutics in growing swine rations.
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Interrelationship of dietary copper and iron as measured by blood parameters, tissue stores and feedlot performance of swine.
J. D. Hedges,E. T. Kornegay +1 more
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