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Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice
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TLDR
In this article, the authors present an overview of the development of empathic distress, anger, sympathy, guilt, feeling of injustice, and moral internalization from discipline to internalization.Abstract:
1. Introduction and overview 2. Empathy, its arousal and prosocial functioning 3. Development of empathic distress 4. Empathic anger, sympathy, guilt, feeling of injustice 5. Guilt and moral internalization 6. From discipline to internalization 7. Relationship and other virtual guilts 8. Empathy's limitations: is empathy enough? 9. Empathy and moral principles 10. Development of empathy-based justice principles 11. Multiple- claimant and caring-versus-justice dilemmas 12. The universality and culture issue 13. Implications for intervention.read more
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Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases.
TL;DR: The Perception-Action Model (PAM), together with an understanding of how representations change with experience, can explain the major empirical effects in the literature and can also predict a variety of empathy disorders.
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The empathic brain: how, when and why?
TL;DR: This work proposes two major roles for empathy; its epistemological role is to provide information about the future actions of other people, and important environmental properties, and proposes a contextual approach, suggesting several modulatory factors that might influence empathic brain responses.
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Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees
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Parent-infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions.
TL;DR: A perspective that underscores the organization of discrete relational behaviors into emergent patterns and considers time a central parameter of emotion and communication systems may be useful to the study of interpersonal intimacy and its potential for personal transformation across the lifespan.
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Basic emotions, natural kinds, emotion schemas, and a new paradigm.
TL;DR: The evidence reviewed suggests that a theory that builds on concepts of both basic emotions and emotion schemas provides a viable research tool and is compatible with more holistic or dimensional approaches.