Q2. What are the contributions in this paper?
This study examines how information and communication technology ( ICT ) complements carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) emissions to influence inclusive human development in forty-four SubSaharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed. The findings broadly show that ICT can be employed to dampen the potentially negative effect of environmental pollution on human development.
Q3. What are the future works in this paper?
Future studies may focus further efforts on assessing whether the established linkages in the study withstand empirical scrutiny, when assessed within the framework of country-specific settings.
Q4. What tendencies motivate the positioning of this inquiry?
Four tendencies motivate the positioning of this inquiry, namely: the increasing information and communication technology (ICT) penetration trend in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); growing exclusive development in the sub-region; increasing environmental concerns in the light of the sustainable development agenda and gaps in the literature.
Q5. What are the main implications for energy policy in sub-saharan africa?
In summary the main implications for energy policy in sub-Saharan Africa are that: (i)ICT can modulate the effect of energies emitting CO2 on human development, to achieve inclusiveness and (ii) certain thresholds or critical masses of ICT are necessary to dampen the negative effect of energies emitting CO2, on human development.
Q6. What is the effect of ICT on inclusive development?
the authors have established that: (i) ICT complements CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption to increase inclusive development; (ii) ICT interacts with CO2 intensity to negatively affect inclusivehuman development and (iii) the net effect on inclusive human development is positive from the complementarity between mobile phones and CO2 emissions per capita.
Q7. What is the shortcoming of the highlighted literature?
A shortcoming that is largely shared by the highlighted literature is the collective failureto engage a policy variable with which CO2 emissions can be reduced, in order to enhance human development and environmental sustainability.
Q8. What are the reasons for the selection of a system GMM estimation strategy?
Many reasons motivate the choice of a system GMM estimation strategy, notably, it considers cross-country variations; accounts for potential endogeneity in all regressions via instrumentation and controls for the unobserved heterogeneity and eliminates potential small sample biases from the difference estimator.
Q9. What is the effect of the interaction between mobile phones and CO2 emissions per capita?
In the computation, the mean value of mobile phone penetration is 24.428, the unconditional effect of CO2 emissions per capita is 0.006 while the conditional impact from the interaction between CO2 emissions per capita and mobile phones is -0.00006.
Q10. What are the main variables used to avoid variable omission bias?
Four control variables are used to avoid variable omission bias, namely: educationquality, foreign aid, private domestic credit and foreign direct investment.
Q11. What are the thresholds for positive marginal effects?
For these positive marginal effects, the corresponding thresholds are within policy range, notably: 50 (0.0001/0.00002) mobile phone penetration per 100 people, for CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption and CO2 intensity.
Q12. What is the significance of the Sargan and Hansen tests?
the Sargan and Hansen over-identification restrictions (OIR) tests should not be significant because their null hypotheses are the positions that instruments are valid or not correlated with the error terms.
Q13. What is the purpose of this inquiry?
This inquiry assesses how ICT can be tailored to reduce the effect of CO2 emissions onsustainable development in the perspective of inclusive human development.
Q14. What are the other variables that are expected to positively affect the IHDI?
With the exception of foreign aid, the other control variables are intuitively expected to positively affect inclusive human development.
Q15. What is the main set of specifications for each of the CO2 emission variables?
There are two main sets of specifications pertaining to each of the CO2 emission variables: one without the conditioning information set (or set of control variables) and another with the conditioning information set.
Q16. What are the main theoretical benefits of ICT?
By tackling these critical barriers to ICT access, CO2 emissions can be reduced and inclusive human development simultaneously improved.