Journal ArticleDOI
Fuel efficiency and the physics of automobiles
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TLDR
In this article, energy flows and energy efficiencies in the operation of a modern automobile are expressed in terms of simple algebraic approximations, and various technologies to reduce the energy consumption of automobiles are discussed.Abstract:
Energy flows and energy efficiencies in the operation of a modern automobile are expressed in terms of simple algebraic approximations. One purpose is to make a car's energy use and the potential for reducing it accessible to non-specialists with technical backgrounds. The overall energy use depends on two factors, vehicle load and powertrain efficiency. The former depends on speed and acceleration and key vehicle characteristics such as mass. The latter depends on heat-engine thermodynamic efficiency, and engine and transmission frictions. The analysis applies to todays automobiles. Numerical values of important parameters are given so that the reader can make his or her own estimates. Various technologies to reduce the energy consumption of automobiles are discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Pollution-Routing Problem
Tolga Bektaş,Gilbert Laporte +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, an extension of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with a broader and more comprehensive objective function that accounts not just for the travel distance, but also for the amount of greenhouse emissions, fuel, travel times and their costs is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Virginia Tech Comprehensive Power-Based Fuel Consumption Model: Model Development and Testing
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed two fuel consumption models that do not produce a bang-bang control and are calibrated using US Environmental Protection Agency city and highway fuel economy ratings in addition to publicly available vehicle and roadway pavement parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the calculation of fuel savings through lightweight design in automotive life cycle assessments
TL;DR: In this paper, the theoretical background of the calculation of fuel savings in automotive lightweight life cycle assessments (LCAs) of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in greater detail is explained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions in intermodal freight transport: an application to rail service design
TL;DR: This article proposes an integer program in the form of a linear cost, multicommodity, capacitated network design formulation that minimizes the amount of greenhouse gas emissions of transportation activities.
A Low-Carbon Fuel Standard for California, Part 1: Technical Analysis
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the low-carbon fuels options that might be used to meet the proposed standard, and present a number of scenarios for mixes of fuels that might meet a 5, 10, and 15 percent standard.
References
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Book
Internal combustion engine fundamentals
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe real engine flow and combustion processes, as well as engine operating characteristics and their operation, including engine design and operating parameters, engine characteristics, and operating characteristics.
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Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics
TL;DR: In this article, the authors attempt to find a middle ground by balancing engineering principles and equations of use to every automotive engineer with practical explanations of the mechanics involved, so that those without a formal engineering degree can still comprehend and use most of the principles discussed.
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Internal Combustion Engines: Applied Thermosciences
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an introduction to internal combustion engines, including fuel, air, and combustion properties of gas cycle and internal combustion engine, as well as a curve fit coefficient for ideal gases and selected Fuels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Achieving acceptable air quality: some reflections on controlling vehicle emissions
TL;DR: The effective control of in-use vehicle emissions is the key to a solution to the motor vehicle part of the urban air pollution problem for the next decade or so.
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Automotive Electronics Handbook
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the technologies used in the automotive industry, including the following: Sensors and Actuators, Engine Torque Sensors, Braking Control, Traction Control, Steering Control, and Adaptive Cruise Control.