Open AccessJournal Article
How to measure baroreflex sensitivity
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TLDR
The use of vasoactive drugs and the analysis of spontaneously occurring changes in blood pressure and heart rate are described.Abstract:
In normal subjects arterial baroreflexes play a key role in short-term blood pressure adjustments to a variety of environmental stresses, thereby maintaining circulatory homeostasis. These responses are mediated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems through their effects on heart rate, venous return, contractility and peripheral resistance. The evaluation of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) has recently found unexpected exploitations as alterations in the baroreflex control of heart rate have been associated with an increased propensity for cardiac mortality and sudden cardiac death [1]. Among several quantitative approaches developed for evaluating BRS including the analysis of reflex responses to pharmacological or mechanical manipulations of baroreceptors, this article describes the use of vasoactive drugs and the analysis of spontaneously occurring changes in blood pressure and heart rate.read more
Citations
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Applicability and clinical relevance of the transfer function method in the assessment of baroreflex sensitivity in heart failure patients.
Gian Domenico Pinna,Roberto Maestri,Soccorso Capomolla,Oreste Febo,Elena Robbi,Franco Cobelli,Maria Teresa La Rovere +6 more
TL;DR: In CHF patients in sinus rhythm, TF-BRS conveys relevant clinical and prognostic information, but its measurability is markedly affected by ectopic activity, and a new prognostic index can be computed in almost all patients.
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Baroreflex mechanisms in major depression
TL;DR: The data indicate that different baroreflex components and mechanisms may be impaired in patients with depression and may contribute to their increased cardiac risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Restoration of baroreflex function in patients with end-stage renal disease after renal transplantation
TL;DR: The data show that renal transplantation improves blood pressure and HRV and restores baroreflex function to near normal range on the long-term follow-up and these effects may contribute to the improvement of blood pressure control and survival after successful transplantation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The repeated sit-to-stand maneuver is a superior method for cardiac baroreflex assessment: a comparison with the modified Oxford method and Valsalva maneuver
TL;DR: Findings indicate the sit-to-stand method is a statistically reliable BRS assessment tool and suitable for the examination of baroreflex hysteresis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why is blood pressure so hard to control in patients with type 2 diabetes
TL;DR: The authors focus on the mechanisms of resistance to antihypertensive therapy (particularly for monotherapy with either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotENSin II antagonists) in the treatment of diabetic hypertension.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Abnormal Awake Respiratory Patterns Are Common in Chronic Heart Failure and May Prevent Evaluation of Autonomic Tone by Measures of Heart Rate Variability
Andrea Mortara,Peter Sleight,Gian Domenico Pinna,Roberto Maestri,A. Prpa,M. T. La Rovere,F. Cobelli,L Tavazzi +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the power of cardiovascular oscillations in the VLF band in awake patients with mild to severe chronic heart failure is greatly increased by the common occurrence of unrecognized irregularity of breathing, which may confound the use of heart rate variability measures as indexes of autonomic tone or prognosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Single cardiac vagal fiber activity, acute myocardial ischemia, and risk for sudden death.
D Cerati,Peter J. Schwartz +1 more
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that 1) cardiac vagal efferent activity increases in response to acute myocardial ischemia--much more so among the animals destined to survive, 2) before CAO, susceptible and resistant animals can be identified by the vagal response to blood pressure increase and not by tonic vagal activity (assessed clinically by heart rate variability).
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of aging on 24-h dynamic baroreceptor control of heart rate in ambulant subjects.
TL;DR: 24-h baroreflex sensitivity is markedly impaired by aging, and the impairment becomes manifest also as an inability to increase barore Flex sensitivity at night.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of the reflex heart rate response to rising and falling arterial pressure in man
TL;DR: Transient reflex changes of heart rate after induced increase or decrease of arterial pressure are asymmetrical.
Journal ArticleDOI
Noninvasive Assessment of Baroreflex Control in Borderline Hypertension Comparison With the Phenylephrine Method
TL;DR: It is suggested that spectral analysis and the sequence method provide viable alternatives to the pharmacological approach for estimation of baroreflex sensitivity in hypertension.