Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrodynamic equations for plasmas in strong magnetic fields - I: Collisionless approximation
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In this paper, a system of hydrodynamic equations for the description of a collisionless plasma is derived, which is an extension of those of CHEW et al. (1956).Abstract:
A system of hydrodynamic equations for the description of a collisionless plasma is derived. The equations for motion perpendicular to the magnetic field are an extension of those of CHEW et al. (1956). Hydrodynamic description of motion along the magnetic field is possible if v||t0/L|| is a small parameter (v|| is the thermal velocity parallel to the magnetic field, t0 the characteristic time, L|| the characteristic length scale for variation of macroscopic quantities along the magnetic field). The method of deriving the hydrodynamic equations is an extension of a method used by GRAD (1949). This extension is necessary because in collisionless plasma thermal energy is not equally distributed over all degrees of freedom. Therefore one has to consider two heat-flux vectors for the transport in thermal energy of parallel and perpendicular degrees of freedom separately. These independent heat-flux vectors are caused by gradients of the parallel and perpendicular temperature respectively. Thus one arrives at a system of equations for 16 moments of the distribution function.read more
Citations
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The polar wind
TL;DR: The polar wind is an ambipolar outflow of thermal plasma from the terrestrial ionosphere at high latitudes to the magnetosphere along geomagnetic field lines as mentioned in this paper, and the direction of the anisotropy varies with geophysical conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transport equations for multicomponent anisotropic space plasmas - A review
A. R. Barakat,Robert W. Schunk +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a unified approach to the study of transport phenomena in multicomponent anisotropic space plasmas is presented, where a system of generalized transport equations is presented that can be applied to widely different plasma flow conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transport equations for multispecies plasmas based on individual bi-Maxwellian distributions
H. G. Demars,Robert W. Schunk +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived a closed system of transport equations for an anisotropic plasma of arbitrary degree of ionisation, which is based on a bi-Maxwellian species distribution function and should provide a better description of flow conditions characterised by large temperature anisotropies.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Landau fluid model for warm collisionless plasmas
TL;DR: In this article, a Landau fluid model for a collisionless electron-proton magnetized plasma that accurately reproduces the dispersion relation and the Landau damping rate of all the magnetohydrodynamic waves is presented.
Behavior of Ionized Plasma in the High Latitude Topside Ionosphere.
TL;DR: In this article, the steady state behavior of a fully ionized plasma (H+, O+ and the electrons) encompassing the geomagnetic field lines was studied, based on the 16-moment system of transport equations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Finite‐Resistivity Instabilities of a Sheet Pinch
TL;DR: In this paper, the stability of a plane current layer is analyzed in the hydromagnetic approximation, allowing for finite isotropic resistivity, and the effect of a small layer curvature is simulated by a gravitational field.
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The Boltzmann Equation and the One-Fluid Hydromagnetic Equations in the Absence of Particle Collisions
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt is made to obtain one-fluid hydromagnetic equations by expanding in the ion mass to charge ratio, but the results show that the electron degrees of freedom can be replaced by a macroscopic current, but true hydrodynamics still does not result unless some special circumstance suppresses the transport of pressure along magnetic lines of force.
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Nonlinear oscillations of rarified plasma
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of a number of studies devoted to the theory of nonlinear motions of plasma under conditions where collisions between particles do not play a determining role.