Book ChapterDOI
Improving Life Cycle Assessment by Considering Worker Health and Comparing Alternatives Based on Relative Efficiency
Shannon M. Lloyd,K. Scanlon,David Lengacher +2 more
- pp 305-311
TLDR
In this article, a case study focused on lightweighting vehicles through material selection is presented, where an approach using data envelopment analysis is proposed for comparing alternatives across multiple sustainability criteria.Abstract:
Designing automobiles to support sustainability requires assessment of life cycle economic, environmental, and social impacts. Environmental and economic performance is increasingly evaluated with life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis. Analytical methods are needed to assess the associated life cycle social impacts. Additional sustainability criteria will make it more difficult to compare alternatives and select the “best” option. To enhance the evaluation of social impacts, a method for considering life cycle worker health impacts is proposed. To reduce reliance on subjective weighting, an approach using data envelopment analysis is proposed for comparing alternatives across multiple sustainability criteria. Conceptual approaches for both are presented as part of a case study focused on lightweighting vehicles through material selection.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review of Sustainability Assessment Approaches Based on Life Cycles
TL;DR: In this article, a review is performed on sustainability assessment based on Life Cycle Thinking, which mostly means Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA), and until the end of 2018, 258 publications can be found, from which 146 include a case study.
Journal ArticleDOI
The work environment disability-adjusted life year for use with life cycle assessment: a methodological approach
TL;DR: Integrating occupational health into LCA studies will provide opportunities to prevent shifting of impacts between the work environment and the environment external to the workplace and co-optimize human health, to include worker health, and environmental health.
Book ChapterDOI
Measuring Relative Efficiency and Effectiveness
TL;DR: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an established nonparametric approach for estimating the relative efficiency of peer entities called decision making units (DMUs), and guidelines for measuring the total performance of mutually exclusive alternatives as well as portfolios are provided.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Measuring the efficiency of decision making units
TL;DR: A nonlinear (nonconvex) programming model provides a new definition of efficiency for use in evaluating activities of not-for-profit entities participating in public programs and methods for objectively determining weights by reference to the observational data for the multiple outputs and multiple inputs that characterize such programs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Building Sustainable Organizations: The Human Factor
TL;DR: A review of the literature on the direct and indirect effects of organizations and their decisions about people on human health and mortality can be found in this paper, where some possible explanations for why social sustainability has received relatively short shrift in management writing are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Network DEA: efficiency analysis of organizations with complex internal structure
TL;DR: The Network DEA Model allows individual DMU managers to focus efficiency-enhancing strategies on the individual stages of the production process, and can detect inefficiencies that the standard DEA Model misses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two-Stage DEA: An Application to Major League Baseball
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use DEA to model DMUs that produce in two stages, with output from the first stage becoming input to the second stage, and apply the model to Major League Baseball, demonstrating its advantages over a standard DEA model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Life cycle economic and environmental implications of using nanocomposites in automobiles
Shannon M. Lloyd,Lester B. Lave +1 more
TL;DR: This work estimates potential selected economic and environmental impacts associated with the use of nanotechnology in the automotive industry and project the material processing and fuel economy benefits associated with using a clay-polypropylene nanocomposite instead of steel or aluminum in light-duty vehicle body panels.