Q2. What is the purpose of the rubro?
Fortalecimiento la transparencia: este rubro comprende el fortalecimiento deprocedimientos, creación de la política de bienestar, cultura organizacional ycapacitaciones para la planta de personal.
Measuring the efficiency of decision making units
01 Nov 1978-European Journal of Operational Research (EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH)-Vol. 2, Iss: 6, pp 429-444
TL;DR: A nonlinear (nonconvex) programming model provides a new definition of efficiency for use in evaluating activities of not-for-profit entities participating in public programs and methods for objectively determining weights by reference to the observational data for the multiple outputs and multiple inputs that characterize such programs.
Abstract: A nonlinear (nonconvex) programming model provides a new definition of efficiency for use in evaluating activities of not-for-profit entities participating in public programs. A scalar measure of the efficiency of each participating unit is thereby provided, along with methods for objectively determining weights by reference to the observational data for the multiple outputs and multiple inputs that characterize such programs. Equivalences are established to ordinary linear programming models for effecting computations. The duals to these linear programming models provide a new way for estimating extremal relations from observational data. Connections between engineering and economic approaches to efficiency are delineated along with new interpretations and ways of using them in evaluating and controlling managerial behavior in public programs.
Summary (2 min read)
Jump to: [1.1.1. Estructura jurídica del presupuesto.] – [1.3. Ejecución presupuestal] – [1.4. Evaluación de la ejecución presupuestaria mediante el indicador de eficiencia] – [1.4.1. Eficiencia.] – [2.1. Análisis radar] – [2.2.1. Descripción del modelo.] and [2.2.2. Aplicación del modelo DEA en la ejecución del plan mensualizado de Caja]
1.1.1. Estructura jurídica del presupuesto.
- La estructura sustancial del presupuesto público, se establece dentro de los artículos 345 a 355 de la Constitución Política de Colombia (nociones, principios y generalidades).
- El presupuesto por su complejidad, puede clasificarse de distintas maneras: según su flexibilidad (fijo o variable), según su periodo (corto, mediano o largo plazo), según el campo que cubre (de operación o financiero), según el sector (privado o público).
- Así mismo, puede además de ello, tener sub- clasificaciones: por institucionalidad (Entidades Nacionales y Territoriales), por objeto del gasto (Inversión o Funcionamiento), por, por programas, proyectos, entre otros; razón por la cual, al hablar de presupuesto en realidad se hace alusión un sistema presupuestal.
- Sin embargo, para efectos de esta investigación, es pertinente concentrarse en los principios de: Planificación, Anualidad y Programación integral.
1.3. Ejecución presupuestal
- En tal sentido, la ejecución del presupuesto de inversión, incluye tener precisión de (…) los requerimientos para adquirir compromisos y ordenación de los gastos.
- En otras palabras, el proceso de ejecución presupuestal implica una adecuada planificación, tanto en los instrumentos de orientación de políticas (Plan de Desarrollo), como en los instrumentos de carácter operativo (PAC).
1.4. Evaluación de la ejecución presupuestaria mediante el indicador de eficiencia
- En términos de evaluación presupuestaria, uno de los indicadores más importantes para las empresas del sector público es la eficiencia, gracias a este indicador es posible medir la gestión.
- La gerencia pública debe orientar su acción hacia resultados para visualizar a un mayor plazo sus planes y políticas.
- Gestión eficiente y comprometida con los resultados implica transformaciones importantes en el funcionamiento de las instituciones públicas.
- Se requiere, entre otras cosas, desarrollar liderazgos que impulsen el cambio, incorporar técnicas modernas de gestión, establecer metas medibles de desempeño, todo ello dentro de un marco de participación y compromiso de los distintos estamentos en una gestión de mejor calidad.
1.4.1. Eficiencia.
- El indicador de eficiencia ha sido ampliamente desarrollado desde varias perspectivas y por diversos autores; desde una visión ortodoxa, economistas clásicos como Adam Smith y David Ricardo consideran que existe una relación entre insumos y resultados que permite evaluar la optimización de los recursos mínimos para la producción de bienes (Morantes Gil, 2014, p. 36)).
- Así mismo, las empresas evalúan su desempeño en los costos de recursos y el tiempo requerido para la ejecución de los procesos, mediante métodos de medición del desarrollo.
- Por otro lado, la eficiencia también puede considerarse como una relación entre las estructuras administrativas y financiera y el manejo de los recursos y optimización de los mismos.
2.1. Análisis radar
- Es un gráfico circular que generalmente es utilizado para comparar varios datos, su eje X esta denominado por la circunferencia del gráfico, donde cada eje indica el valor de cada dato especifico; este gráfico principalmente se utiliza para comparar datos analizados u observados.
- Por lo tanto, este tipo de grafico permite lograr una mejor visualización de las variables observadas, también permite evaluar y estimar el desempeño de cada dato analizado.
- Hay que considerar además que, el análisis grafico radar, se realiza con los datos obtenidos, una vez corrido el modelo DEA.
2.2.1. Descripción del modelo.
- Se origino, como un modelo matemático creado por Charnes, Cooper y Rhodes, Seiford en el año 1978; utilizado para el análisis de eficiencia del programa de educación Follow-Through2 de las escuelas públicas de los Estados Unidos.
- Así mismo, este método analiza cuál de las entradas observadas es la mejor y cuál de ellas alcanza la frontera.
- Eficiencia técnica comparada en elevadores de granos de Argentina, bajo una aplicación de análisis envolvente de datos, also known as Fuente.
2.2.2. Aplicación del modelo DEA en la ejecución del plan mensualizado de Caja
- Así mismo, la flexibilidad del modelo permitió que se implementaran otros modelos, “los cuales extienden a los conceptos generales expuestos previamente y que complementan la evaluación de la eficiencia simple.
- No obstante, para poder realizar una adecuada interpretación de los resultados, se hace necesario identificar el objetivo de los rubros de inversión más representativos: Administración del Talento Humano: hace referencia al pago de los docentes, dicho rubro se paga por inversión y no por funcionamiento, ya que este dinero se recibe vía transferencia de la Nación.
- Jornada Educativa de 40 Horas Semanales para la Excelencia Académica y la Formación Integral y Jornada Física: dicho programa buscaba implementar la jornada escolar de 40 horas semanales en los colegios oficiales del Distrito Capital.
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Citations
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TL;DR: The CCR ratio form introduced by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes, as part of their Data Envelopment Analysis approach, comprehends both technical and scale inefficiencies via the optimal value of the ratio form, as obtained directly from the data without requiring a priori specification of weights and/or explicit delineation of assumed functional forms of relations between inputs and outputs as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In management contexts, mathematical programming is usually used to evaluate a collection of possible alternative courses of action en route to selecting one which is best. In this capacity, mathematical programming serves as a planning aid to management. Data Envelopment Analysis reverses this role and employs mathematical programming to obtain ex post facto evaluations of the relative efficiency of management accomplishments, however they may have been planned or executed. Mathematical programming is thereby extended for use as a tool for control and evaluation of past accomplishments as well as a tool to aid in planning future activities. The CCR ratio form introduced by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes, as part of their Data Envelopment Analysis approach, comprehends both technical and scale inefficiencies via the optimal value of the ratio form, as obtained directly from the data without requiring a priori specification of weights and/or explicit delineation of assumed functional forms of relations between inputs and outputs. A separation into technical and scale efficiencies is accomplished by the methods developed in this paper without altering the latter conditions for use of DEA directly on observational data. Technical inefficiencies are identified with failures to achieve best possible output levels and/or usage of excessive amounts of inputs. Methods for identifying and correcting the magnitudes of these inefficiencies, as supplied in prior work, are illustrated. In the present paper, a new separate variable is introduced which makes it possible to determine whether operations were conducted in regions of increasing, constant or decreasing returns to scale in multiple input and multiple output situations. The results are discussed and related not only to classical single output economics but also to more modern versions of economics which are identified with "contestable market theories."
14,941 citations
Book•
30 Nov 1999TL;DR: In this article, the basic CCR model and DEA models with restricted multipliers are discussed. But they do not consider the effect of non-discretionary and categorical variables.
Abstract: List of Tables. List of Figures. Preface. 1. General Discussion. 2. The Basic CCR Model. 3. The CCR Model and Production Correspondence. 4. Alternative DEA Models. 5. Returns to Scale. 6. Models with Restricted Multipliers. 7. Discretionary, Non-Discretionary and Categorical Variables. 8. Allocation Models. 9. Data Variations. Appendices. Index.
4,395 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified version of DEA based upon comparison of efficient DMUs relative to a reference technology spanned by all other units is developed, which provides a framework for ranking efficient units and facilitates comparison with rankings based on parametric methods.
Abstract: Data Envelopment Analysis DEA evaluates the relative efficiency of decision-making units DMUs but does not allow for a ranking of the efficient units themselves. A modified version of DEA based upon comparison of efficient DMUs relative to a reference technology spanned by all other units is developed. The procedure provides a framework for ranking efficient units and facilitates comparison with rankings based on parametric methods.
3,320 citations
Cites methods from "Measuring the efficiency of decisio..."
...Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), as developed by Charnes et al. (1978) and extended by Banker et al....
[...]
TL;DR: The authors survey 130 studies that apply frontier efficiency analysis to financial institutions in 21 countries and find that the various efficiency methods do not necessarily yield consistent results and suggest some ways that these methods might be improved to bring about findings that are more consistent, accurate, and useful.
Abstract: This paper surveys 130 studies that apply frontier efficiency analysis to financial institutions in 21 countries. The primary goals are to summarize and critically review empirical estimates of financial institution efficiency and to attempt to arrive at a consensus view. We find that the various efficiency methods do not necessarily yield consistent results and suggest some ways that these methods might be improved to bring about findings that are more consistent, accurate, and useful. Secondary goals are to address the implications of efficiency results for financial institutions in the areas of government policy, research, and managerial performance. Areas needing additional research are also outlined.
2,983 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a coherent data-generating process (DGP) is described for nonparametric estimates of productive efficiency on environmental variables in two-stage procedures to account for exogenous factors that might affect firms’ performance.
Abstract: Many papers have regressed non-parametric estimates of productive efficiency on environmental variables in two-stage procedures to account for exogenous factors that might affect firms’ performance. None of these have described a coherent data-generating process (DGP). Moreover, conventional approaches to inference employed in these papers are invalid due to complicated, unknown serial correlation among the estimated efficiencies. We first describe a sensible DGP for such models. We propose single and double bootstrap procedures; both permit valid inference, and the double bootstrap procedure improves statistical efficiency in the second-stage regression. We examine the statistical performance of our estimators using Monte Carlo experiments.
2,915 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, a unified treatment of cost and production functions underlie the economic theory of production is presented, and the duality between cost function and production function is developed by introducing a cost correspondence, showing that these two functions are given in terms of each other by dual minimum problems.
Abstract: A sequel to his frequently cited Cost and Production Functions (1953), this book offers a unified, comprehensive treatment of these functions which underlie the economic theory of production.
The approach is axiomatic for a definition of technology, by mappings of input vectors into subsets of output vectors that represent the unconstrained technical possibilities of production. To provide a completely general means of characterizing a technology, an alternative to the production function, called the Distance Function, is introduced.
The duality between cost function and production function is developed by introducing a cost correspondence, showing that these two functions are given in terms of each other by dual minimum problems.
The special class of production structures called Homothetic is given more general definition and extended to technologies with multiple outputs.
Originally published in 1971.
The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
3,222 citations
2,617 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: General competitive analysis, General competitive analysis as mentioned in this paper, General Competitive Analysis (GCA), general competitive analysis (GCA), GCA, GCA(GCA), GCA
Abstract: General competitive analysis , General competitive analysis , کتابخانه دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
2,341 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1953
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a mathematical interpretation of the duality between cost and production function, and present a heuristic principle of minimum costs and a Cobb-Douglas production function.
Abstract: 1. The Process Production Function.- 2. Heuristic Principle of Minimum Costs.- 3. The Producer's Minimum Cost Function.- 4. Dual Determination of Production Function From Cost Function.- 5. Geometric Interpretation of the Duality Between Cost and Production Function.- 6. Constraints on the Factors of Production.- 7. Homothetic Production Functions.- 8. The Cobb-Douglas Production Function.- 9. The Problem of Aggregation.- 10. The Dynamics of Monopoly.
1,799 citations