In vivo titration of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in specific pathogen-free Litopenaeus vannamei by intramuscular and oral routes.
César Marcial Escobedo-Bonilla,Mathieu Wille,Alday Sanz,Patrick Sorgeloos,Maurice Pensaert,Hans Nauwynck +5 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors determined the infectious dose 50% endpoint (SID50 ml(-1)) of a Thai isolate of WSSV by intramuscular inoculation (i.m.) in 60 and 135 d old specific pathogen-free (SPF) Litopenaeus vannamei using indirect immunofluorescence and 1-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Abstract:
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a devastating pathogen in shrimp aquaculture. Standardized challenge procedures using a known amount of infectious virus would assist in evaluating strategies to reduce its impact. In this study, the shrimp infectious dose 50% endpoint (SID50 ml(-1)) of a Thai isolate of WSSV was determined by intramuscular inoculation (i.m.) in 60 and 135 d old specific pathogen-free (SPF) Litopenaeus vannamei using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and 1-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, the lethal dose 50% endpoint (LD50 ml(-1)) was determined from the proportion of dead shrimp. The median virus infection titers in 60 and 135 d old juveniles were 10(6.8) and 10(6.5) SID50 ml(-1), respectively. These titers were not significantly different (p > or = 0.05). The titration of the WSSV stock by oral intubation in 80 d old juveniles resulted in approximately 10-fold reduction in virus titer compared to i.m. inoculation. This lower titer is probably the result of physical and chemical barriers in the digestive tract of shrimp that hinder WSSV infectivity. The titers determined by infection were identical to the titers determined by mortality in all experiments using both i.m. and oral routes at 120 h post inoculation (hpi), indicating that every infected shrimp died. The determination of WSSV titers for dilutions administered by i.m. and oral routes constitutes the first step towards the standardization of challenge procedures to evaluate strategies to reduce WSSV infection.read more
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A review on the morphology, molecular characterization, morphogenesis and pathogenesis of white spot syndrome virus
César Marcial Escobedo-Bonilla,V. Alday-Sanz,Mathieu Wille,Patrick Sorgeloos,Maurice Pensaert,Hans Nauwynck +5 more
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to present an update of the knowledge generated so far on different aspects of WSSV organization, morphogenesis, pathology and pathogenesis, and to help develop effective control methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immune response and disease resistance of shrimp fed biofloc grown on different carbon sources.
Julie Ekasari,Julie Ekasari,Muhammad Hanif Azhar,Enang Harris Surawidjaja,Sri Nuryati,Peter De Schryver,Peter Bossier +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the application of biofloc technology may contribute to the robustness of cultured shrimp by immunostimulation and that this effect is independent of the type of carbon source used to grow the flocs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of high water temperature (33 °C) on the clinical and virological outcome of experimental infections with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) Litopenaeus vannamei
Mahbubur Rahman,César Marcial Escobedo-Bonilla,Mathias Corteel,J.J. Dantas-Lima,Mathieu Wille,V. Alday Sanz,Maurice Pensaert,Patrick Sorgeloos,Hans Nauwynck +8 more
TL;DR: It is confirmed that high water temperature prevents the onset of disease and significantly reduces mortality of WSSV-inoculated shrimp regardless of the route of inoculation or virus titer used.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of dose and challenge routes of Vibrio spp. on co-infection with white spot syndrome virus in Penaeus vannamei
Le Hong Phuoc,Mathias Corteel,Nguyen Cong Thanh,Hans Nauwynck,Maurice Pensaert,V. Alday-Sanz,W. Van den Broeck,Patrick Sorgeloos,Peter Bossier +8 more
TL;DR: It can be stated that the synergistic effect between WSSV and Vibrio is influenced by the dose, species and infection route of inoculation of theVibrio bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Double-stranded RNA against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) vp28 or vp26 reduced susceptibility of Litopenaeus vannamei to WSSV, and survivors exhibited decreased susceptibility in subsequent re-infections
Claudio Humberto Mejía-Ruíz,Sergio Vega-Peña,Píndaro Álvarez-Ruiz,César Marcial Escobedo-Bonilla +3 more
TL;DR: Shrimp treated with a single administration of vp28 or vp26 dsRNA and consecutively challenged with WSSV showed a stronger and longer antiviral response than shrimp exposed once to WSSv at 10 or 20dpt.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints
Lowell J. Reed,H. Muench +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogenicity of a baculovirus infection causing white spot syndrome in cultured penaeid shrimp in Taiwan
TL;DR: The close resemblance in external signs and viral morphology between spontaneously diseased and experimentally infected shrimp indicated that the rod-shaped virus may be the main causative agent of the disease characterized by white spot syndrome in Taiwan.
Journal ArticleDOI
The white spot syndrome virus DNA genome sequence.
Mariëlle C. W. van Hulten,Jeroen Witteveldt,Sander Peters,Nico Kloosterboer,Renato Tarchini,Mark Fiers,Hans Sandbrink,René Klein Lankhorst,Just M. Vlak +8 more
TL;DR: The collective information on WSSV and the phylogenetic analysis on the viral DNA polymerase suggest that W SSV differs profoundly from all presently known viruses and that it is a representative of a new virus family.