Influence of plant phenolic acids on growth and cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria.
TLDR
All of the cellulolytic strains (and Streptococcus bovis) showed at least a limited ability to hydrogenate hydroxycinnamic acids, with Ruminococcus spp.Abstract:
Isolated rumen bacteria were examined for growth and, where appropriate, for their ability to degrade cellulose in the presence of the hydroxycinnamic acids trans-p-coumaric acid and trans-ferulic acid and the hydroxybenzoic acids vanillic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Ferulic and p-coumaric acids proved to be the most toxic of the acids examined and suppressed the growth of the cellulolytic strains Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Bacteroides succinogenes when included in a simple sugars medium at concentrations of >5 mM. The extent of cellulose digestion by R. flavefaciens and B. succinogenes but not R. albus was also substantially reduced. Examination of rumen fluid from sheep maintained on dried grass containing 0.51% phenolic acids showed the presence of phloretic acid (0.1 mM) and 3-methoxyphloretic acid (trace) produced by hydrogenation of the 2-propenoic side chain of p-coumaric and ferulic acids, respectively. The parent acids were found in trace amounts only, although they represented the major phenolic acids ingested. Phloretic and 3-methoxyphloretic acids proved to be considerably less toxic than their parent acids. All of the cellulolytic strains (and Streptococcus bovis) showed at least a limited ability to hydrogenate hydroxycinnamic acids, with Ruminococcus spp. proving the most effective. No further modification of hydroxycinnamic acids was produced by the single strains of bacteria examined. However, a considerable shortfall in the recovery of added phenolic acids was noted in media inoculated with rumen fluid. It is suggested that hydrogenation may serve to protect cellulolytic strains from hydroxycinnamic acids.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Polyphenols: Chemistry, Dietary Sources, Metabolism, and Nutritional Significance
TL;DR: An overview of the nutritional effects of the main groups of polyphenolic compounds, including their metabolism, effects on nutrient bioavailability, and antioxidant activity, is offered, as well as a brief description of the chemistry ofpolyphenols and their occurrence in plant foods.
Book ChapterDOI
The rumen bacteria
TL;DR: It is to be hoped that the major obstacles to cultivation of the most numerous rumen bacteria have been overcome by the development of sufficiently rigorous anaerobic methods and of suitable isolation media.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial attachment and feed digestion in the rumen.
TL;DR: Property of feed that place constraints on microbial attachment and biofilm formation can have a profound effect on both the rate and extent of feed digestion in the rumen, and developments in feed processing, plant breeding, and genetic engineering that overcome these constraints could substantially benefit ruminant production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant Cell Walls and Food Quality.
TL;DR: It is concluded that effective exploitation of cell-wall research in relation to optimizing quality requires an integrated approach taking into account the multi-functional roles of plant cell walls, and the diversity of consumer-related quality dimensions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Redundancy, resilience, and host specificity of the ruminal microbiota: implications for engineering improved ruminal fermentations.
Paul J. Weimer,Paul J. Weimer +1 more
TL;DR: The ruminal microbial community is remarkably diverse, containing 100s of different bacterial and archaeal species, plus many species of fungi and protozoa, including a “core microbiome” dominated by phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but also containing many other taxa.
References
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Robert E. Hungate,J. Macy +1 more
TL;DR: The anaerobes can be classified as oxyduric, i.e. surviving exposure to O2 but not growing in its presence, and oxylabile Species, killed by exposure to oxygen as discussed by the authors.
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TL;DR: In this article, a serum-bottle modification of the Hungate technique for growing anaerobes was used for methanogenic enrichments on vanillin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid and catechol.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin Requirements of Several Cellulolytic Rumen Bacteria
H. W. Scott,B. A. Dehority +1 more
TL;DR: Four strains of cellulolytic bacteria recently isolated from in vitro rumen fermentations were used in this study and a mixture of purified amino acids simulating casein hydrolysate satisfied the vitamin requirements for R. flavefaciens Cla.