Influence of the Respiratory Cycle on Caudal Vena Cava Diameter Measured by Sonography in Healthy Foals: A Pilot Study.
TLDR
It is possible to reliably measure the caudal vena cava collapsibility index sonographically in healthy foals, and the CVC‐CI may prove useful in assessing the intravascular volume status in hypovolemic foals.Abstract:
Background
Intravascular volume assessment in foals is challenging. In humans, intravascular volume status is estimated by the caudal vena cava (CVC) collapsibility index (CVC-CI) defined as (CVC diameter at maximum expiration [CVCmax] – CVC diameter at minimal inspiration [CVCmin])/CVCmax × 100%.
Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine whether the CVC could be sonographically measured in healthy foals, determine differences in CVCmax and CVCmin, and calculate inter- and intrarater variability between 2 examiners. We hypothesized that the CVC could be measured sonographically at the subxiphoid view and that there would be a difference between CVCmax and CVCmin values.
Animals
Sixty privately owned foals <1-month-old.
Methods
Prospective study. A longitudinal subxiphoid sonographic window in standing foals was used. The CVCmax and CVCmin were analyzed by a linear mixed effect model. Inter-rater agreement and intrarater variability were expressed by Bland-Altman and intraclass correlation coefficients, respectively.
Results
Measurements were attained from 58 of 60 foals with mean age of 15 ± 7.9 days and mean weight of 75.7 ± 17.7 kg. The CVCmax was significantly different from CVCmin (D = 0.515, SE = 0.031, P < 0.001). Inter-rater agreement of the CVC-CI differed by an average of −0.9% (95% limits of agreement, −12.5 to +10.7%). Intrarater variability of CVCmax was 0.540 and 0.545, of CVCmin was 0.550 and 0.594, and of CVC-CI was 0.894 and 0.853 for observers 1 and 2, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
These results indicate it is possible to reliably measure the CVC sonographically in healthy foals, and the CVC-CI may prove useful in assessing the intravascular volume status in hypovolemic foals.read more
Citations
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Establishment of reference values of the caudal vena cava by fast-ultrasonography through different views in healthy dogs
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Caudal vena cava collapsibility index in healthy cats by ultrasonography
Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves,F.G. Miranda,R.Z. Rezende,I. P. Souza,Renato Cesar Sacchetto Torres,C.M.F. Rezende,Anelise Carvalho Nepomuceno +6 more
TL;DR: The collapsibility index (CI) enables the assessment of estimated volemia without the need for a central venous catheter and was not significantly associated with gender in this first reported study investigating CI in cats.
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Transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of caudal vena cava to aorta derived ratios in clinically healthy neonatal foals.
Chiara Del Prete,Francesca Freccero,Aliai Lanci,Gayle D Hallowell,Chiara Bullone,Carolina Castagnetti,Maria Pia Pasolini +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the feasibility and reliability of an ultrasonographic technique for measurement of the vena cava and caudal vena-cava (CVC) and derived ratios using three different acoustic windows in a population of healthy neonatal foals.
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Intensivist Use of Hand-Carried Ultrasonography to Measure IVC Collapsibility in Estimating Intravascular Volume Status: Correlations with CVP
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TL;DR: Measurements of IVC-CI by INBU can provide a useful guide to noninvasive volume status assessment in SICU patients, and appears to correlate best with CVP in the setting of low (<0.20) and high (>0.60) collapsibility ranges.
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