Inhibition of urease activity in soils
J. M. Bremner,L.A. Douglas +1 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors evaluated more than 100 compounds as inhibitors of urease activity in soils and found that dihydric phenols and quinones were the most effective organic compounds tested.Abstract:
Studies to evaluate more than 100 compounds as inhibitors of urease activity in soils showed that dihydric phenols and quinones were the most effective organic compounds tested and that silver and mercury salts were the most effective inorganic compounds. When the most potent inhibitors were compared using 50 μg of inhibitor per g of soil, their effectiveness decreased in the order: catechol > phenylmercuric acetate > hydroquinone >p-benzoquinone and 2,5-dichloro-p-benzoquinone > 2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone > silver sulfate > 1,2-naphthoquinone > phenol > mercuric chloride > sodium p-chloromercuribenzoate and 4-chlorophenol > 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone > N-ethylmaleimide > gold chloride > aceto-hydroxamic acid and copper sulfate. The inhibitory effects of most of these compounds on soil urease activity decreased markedly with time, but the effect of 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone increased, presumably because this compound is decomposed in soils to a relatively stable product more effective than the parent compound as a soil urease inhibitor. The findings concerning the rates of inactivation of urease inhibitors in soils indicate that, of the various compounds tested, 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,5-dichloro-p-benzoquinone, and 2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone are likely to prove the most effective for retardation of urea decomposition in soils and reduction of the problems caused by the normally rapid hydrolysis of fertilizer urea by soil urease. N-Serve and other compounds used to inhibit nitrification in soils have very little, if any, effect on soil urease activity.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial ureases: significance, regulation, and molecular characterization.
TL;DR: Urease is a high-molecular-weight, multimeric, nickel-containing enzyme that plays an important role in utilization of environmental nitrogenous compounds and urea-based fertilizers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term effects of municipal solid waste compost application on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass
TL;DR: In this article, a long-term field experiment utilising barley received four different treatments prior to sowing: municipal solid waste (MSW) compost at either 20 t ha 21 (C20) or 80 t ha21 (C80); cow manure (MA) at 20 t h 21 ; mineral fertilizer (MIN) or NPK (400 kg ha 21 ); and NH4NO3 (150 kg h 21 ).
Book ChapterDOI
Chapter 8 Recent Developments of Fertilizer Production and Use to Improve Nutrient Efficiency and Minimize Environmental Impacts
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide information on some recent developments of fertilizer production and use that improve nutrient efficiency and minimize environmental impact, mainly N, P, and S. The use of these nonconventional fertilizers may result in an increased relative economic benefit with respect to the use of conventional fertilizers in terms of saving fertilizer cost, enhancing nutrient efficiency, or increasing crop yield.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of nitrogen in soil by the Kjeldahl method
TL;DR: The reliability of the Kjeldahl method for the determination of nitrogen in soils has been investigated using a range of soils containing from 0·03 to 2·7% nitrogen as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Steam distillation methods for determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite
J. M. Bremner,D. R. Keeney +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, steam distillation methods of determining ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite in the presence of alkali-labile organic nitrogen compounds are described, which are used for tracer studies using 15N-enriched compounds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Methods of Making Mechanical Analyses of Soils
Journal ArticleDOI
Determination and Isotope-Ratio Analysis of Different Forms of Nitrogen in Soils: 3. Exchangeable Ammonium, Nitrate, and Nitrite by Extraction-Distillation Methods1
J. M. Bremner,D. R. Keeney +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a method for determining exchangeable ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite in soils is described, which involves extraction of the soil sample with 2M KCl (10 ml/g of soil) and analysis of the extract by steam-distillation methods in which magnesium oxide is used for distillation of ammonium.
Journal ArticleDOI
A rapid method for the determination of organic carbon in soil
TL;DR: In this article, the authors modified the traditional dry combustion method for the determination of organic carbon in soil to give results practically identical with those of the dry combustion methods, and the standard deviation of a single determination was only 12%.