Journal ArticleDOI
Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology
Bruce Kogut,Udo Zander +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors argue that what firms do better than markets is the sharing and transfer of the knowledge of individuals and groups within an organization, and that knowledge is held by individuals but is also expressed in regularities by which members cooperate in a social community (i.e., group, organization, or network).Abstract:
How should we understand why firms exist? A prevailing view has been that they serve to keep in check the transaction costs arising from the self-interested motivations of individuals. We develop in this article the argument that what firms do better than markets is the sharing and transfer of the knowledge of individuals and groups within an organization. This knowledge consists of information (e.g., who knows what) and of know-how (e.g., how to organize a research team). What is central to our argument is that knowledge is held by individuals, but is also expressed in regularities by which members cooperate in a social community (i.e., group, organization, or network). If knowledge is only held at the individual level, then firms could change simply by employee turnover. Because we know that hiring new workers is not equivalent to changing the skills of a firm, an analysis of what firms can do must understand knowledge as embedded in the organizing principles by which people cooperate within organizatio...read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage
Janine Nahapiet,Sumantra Ghoshal +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model that incorporates this overall argument in the form of a series of hypothesized relationships between different dimensions of social capital and the main mechanisms and proces.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic capabilities, what are they?
TL;DR: Seeks to present a better understanding of dynamic capabilities and the resource-based view of the firm to help managers build using these dynamic capabilities.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage
Jeffrey H. Dyer,Harbir Singh +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that an increasingly important unit of analysis for understanding competitive advantage is the relationship between firms and identify four potential sources of interorganizational competitive advantage: relation-specific assets, knowledge-sharing routines, complementary resources/capabilities, and effective governance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors draw on the social and behavioral sciences in an endeavor to specify the nature and microfoundations of the capabilities necessary to sustain superior enterprise performance in an open economy with rapid innovation and globally dispersed sources of invention, innovation, and manufacturing capability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the internal stickiness of knowledge transfer and test the resulting model using canonical correlation analysis of a data set consisting of 271 observations of 122 best-practice transfers in eight companies.