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Liquid helium flows around an oscillating cylinder

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TLDR
In this paper, the complementary flows of normal viscous liquid helium (He I) and of superfluid helium(He II) around an oscillating obstacle, of rectangular cross-section, have been studied experimentally by using the particle tracking velocimetry technique, with solid deuterium particles.
Abstract
The complementary flows of normal viscous liquid helium (He I) and of superfluid helium (He II) around an oscillating obstacle, of rectangular cross-section, have been studied experimentally by using the particle tracking velocimetry technique, with solid deuterium particles. The observed particle behaviour in He II is very similar to that seen in He I. It seems therefore that, without some kind of special forcing acting differently on each superfluid helium component, on length scales which the experiment can access, the oscillating quantum flow mimics the classical one.

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TL;DR: Small particles of solid hydrogen are generated that can be used to image the cores of quantized vortices in their three-dimensional environment of liquid helium, which enables the geometry and interactions of thesevortices to be observed directly.
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Quantum, or classical turbulence?

TL;DR: In this paper, the Lagrangian dynamics of solid deuterium particles of size is investigated by using the particle tracking velocimetry technique, and the normalized probability distribution of the particle velocity changes from the power-law shape typical of quantum turbulence, at scales, to the nearly Gaussian form typical of classical turbulent flows, at.
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