Medical natural language processing (NLP) systems are a key enabling technology for transforming Big Data from clinical report repositories to information used to support disease models and validate intervention methods. However, current medical NLP systems fall considerably short when faced with the task of logically interpreting clinical text. In this paper, we describe a framework inspired by mechanisms of human cognition in an attempt to jump the NLP performance curve. The design centers on a hierarchical semantic compositional model (HSCM), which provides an internal substrate for guiding the interpretation process. The paper describes insights from four key cognitive aspects: semantic memory, semantic composition, semantic activation, and hierarchical predictive coding. We discuss the design of a generative semantic model and an associated semantic parser used to transform a free-text sentence into a logical representation of its meaning. The paper discusses supportive and antagonistic arguments for the key features of the architecture as a long-term foundational framework.

Logics and languages

Design considerations for a hierarchical semantic compositional framework for medical natural language understanding

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/dokubun1947/69/0/69_0_121/_pdf

Negation in der Sprache

This paper surveys the author's results in strong and weak generative capacity of various kinds of categorial grammars. The growing interest of linguists, computer scientists, and linguistically-rninded logicians in the domain of categorial grammar calls for a new, more advanced and profound elaboration of its internal mathematics, in which the problems to be discussed here have traditionally been recognized to play a quite fundamental role. Let us begin with some general remarks. Categorial grammars, literally introduced by Bar-Hillel et al. (1960), as a merely slight modification of a parsing algorithm going back to Ajdukiewicz (1935), and further to Frege, Husserl, and Lesniewski, represent the form of grammar that adheres the closest to the very primitives of logical semiotics - functor-argument connection, categorization by types, compositional semantics. (Symptomatically, Hiz, 1967, dubbed the thesis of universality of categorial grammar for the language of mathe­ matics grammar logicism.) From the standpoint of formal linguistics, categorial grammars constitute a refinement of Chomsky's phrase struc­ ture grammars, since - in opposition to the latter - the former assign an internal structure to category symbols (nonterminals). Consequently categorial grammars fall, essentially, into the genus of so-called meta­ morphosis grammar (Colmerauer, 1978). Since the internal category structures involved are provided with a universal interpretation (that is, an interpretation independent of any particular language und er consideration), categorial grammars behave more like the formal systems of symbolic logic (e.g. propositional calculi) than the 'one-dimensional' rewriting systems widespread in mathematical linguistics. As a result, besides purely combinatorial techniques, characteristic of the latter discipline, categorial grammar theory also requires a large piece of genuine logical methodology. As striking evidence, let us mention such enterprises as the algebraic semantics for the type calculi of Lambek (1958, 1961) developed by

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-94-015-6878-4_4.pdf

Genera tive power of ca tegorial grammars

The intention of this chapter is to review the development of linguistic research during the twentieth century in Europe and the United States, in order to show that the genesis of text linguistics as a comprehensive theoretical framework was necessary, considering the events from a post-eventum perspective. Firstly, structural linguistics is presented as well as its main exponents; secondly, generative linguistics is discussed; thirdly, the genesis and the development of text linguistics is presented. Concerning the structural linguistics, the key issues investigated by 4 linguists (namely, de Saussure, Benveniste, Hjelmslev and Bloomfield) are summarized. Concerning the generative linguistics, Chomsky’s strengths and weaknesses are highlighted and the main question of semantics is critically exposed, in order to take into account similarities and differences between generative, interpretative and model-theoretic semantics. When these theoretical issues became widespread, linguistics came to the so-called linguistic turn. Concerning the text linguistics, its history is distinguished in three different phases: (1) the initial stage of the mid-Sixties; (2) the formulation of textual grammars; (3) the elaboration of textual theories. Among these theoretical proposals, the very well-known are the ones by van Dijk and by Petőfi.

Alle Wege Führen Zum Text

Le double paradoxe de parenthesage se manifeste dans les propositions relatives turques telles que [ 1 kardes-im-in bekle-[ 2 dig-i] 1 misafir] 2 (l'invite que mon frere attend) ou le suffixe participial dig attire l'attention sur le nom tete misafir au-dessus du suffixe possessif i, alors que le suffixe possessif refere au nom genitif kardes-im-in au-dessus du suffixe participial. L'A. montre ici qu'une analyse grammaticale categorielle permet d'expliquer ce phenomene en preservant la frontiere entre morphologie et syntaxe, et permet egalement d'expliquer des constructions avec une tete divisee ou le nom tete renvoie au genitif d'un constituant de la proposition relative

Logics and languages

Citations

Design considerations for a hierarchical semantic compositional framework for medical natural language understanding

Negation in der Sprache

Genera tive power of ca tegorial grammars

Alle Wege Führen Zum Text

Ein doppeltes Klammerungsparadox und ein 'entzweiter Kopf' : Eine kategorialgrammatische Analyse türkischer Relativsätze

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