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Logics of Programs.

Dexter Kozen, +1 more
- pp 789-840
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors present an introduction to some of the basic issues in the study of program logics and discuss their syntax, semantics, proof theory, and expressiveness.
Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter presents an introduction to some of the basic issues in the study of program logics. The chapter describes various forms of first-order Dynamic Logic and discusses their syntax, semantics, proof theory, and expressiveness. The chapter discusses the power of auxiliary data structures such as arrays and stacks, and a powerful assignment statement called the nondeterministic assignment. Program logics differ from classical logics in that truth is dynamic rather than static. In classical predicate logic, the truth value of a formula is determined by a valuation of its free variables over some structure. The valuation and the truth value of the formula it induces are regarded as immutable. In program logics, there are explicit syntactic constructs called programs to change the values of variables, thereby changing the truth values of formulas. There are two main approaches to modal logics of programs: (1) the exogenous approach, exemplified by Dynamic Logic and its precursor, the Partial Correctness Assertions Method; and (2) the endogenous approach, exemplified by Temporal Logic and its precursor, the Inductive Assertions Method.

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Citations
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Book ChapterDOI

Dealing with time in content language expressions

TL;DR: This paper extends a CTL*-like temporal language with two very expressive interval operators, and integrates it with a FIPA-compatible representation of dates, and shows that the resulting language allows agents to express a rich assortment of temporal constraints in a very natural way.
Book ChapterDOI

Synchronized Product of Linear Bounded Machines

TL;DR: It is shown that this class of graphs associated to linear bounded machines is closed, up to observational equivalence, under synchronized product, and the first-order theory of these graphs is investegated and shown to be undecidable.
Book ChapterDOI

Automatic test case generation with region-related coverage annotations for real-time systems

TL;DR: This paper investigates how to use symbolic techniques to automatically generate test cases for real-time systems and has implemented the ideas with BDD-like data-structures which could lead to performance advantage for testing complex embedded systems.
Dissertation

Games for Modal and Temporal Logics

Martin Lange
TL;DR: This work defines simple model checking games for Propositional Dynamic Logic, PDL, and introduces the notion of a focus game, which is to equip players with a tool that highlights a particular formula in PDL.
Book ChapterDOI

An integrated approach to P systems formal verification

TL;DR: This paper presents a method to formally verify P system specifications by first identifying invariants and then checking them, using the NuSMV model checker, against a Kripke structure representation.
References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI

The temporal logic of programs

Amir Pnueli
TL;DR: A unified approach to program verification is suggested, which applies to both sequential and parallel programs, and the main proof method is that of temporal reasoning in which the time dependence of events is the basic concept.
Book ChapterDOI

Temporal and modal logic

TL;DR: In this article, a multiaxis classification of temporal and modal logic is presented, and the formal syntax and semantics for two representative systems of propositional branching-time temporal logics are described.
Journal ArticleDOI

An axiomatic basis for computer programming

TL;DR: An attempt is made to explore the logical foundations of computer programming by use of techniques which were first applied in the study of geometry and have later been extended to other branches of mathematics.
Journal ArticleDOI

Propositional dynamic logic of regular programs

TL;DR: A formal syntax and semantics for the propositional dynamic logic of regular programs is defined and principal conclusions are that deciding satisfiability of length n formulas requires time d n /log n for some d > 1, and that satisfiability can be decided in nondeterministic time cn for some c.