![Figure 8: Comparison between the ISCC time-constant calculated using equation 45; or following the homogeneous-magnetization model presented in [7], see 49; or using the formulae derived in [8] with a complete network model for a single cable and for a stack of cables, see 46 and 50, respectively.](/figures/figure-8-comparison-between-the-iscc-time-constant-nxgzsc40.webp)
![Figure 7: Cross-section of the strand used in the cable of the outer layer of the LHC main dipole magnets [31]. a. Photography. b. Schematic representation.](/figures/figure-7-cross-section-of-the-strand-used-in-the-cable-of-1onuder7.webp)
Q1. What are the contributions in "Lumped-element dynamic electro-thermal model of a superconducting magnet" ?
A new methodology for developing a Lumped-Element Dynamic Electro-Thermal ( LEDET ) model of a superconducting magnet is presented.
Lumped-Element Dynamic Electro-Thermal model of a superconducting magnet
Emmanuele Ravaioli,Emmanuele Ravaioli,Emmanuele Ravaioli,Bernhard Auchmann,Michal Maciejewski,H. Ten Kate,H. Ten Kate,Arjan Verweij +7 more
TLDR
In this paper, a Lumped Element Dynamic Electro-Thermal (LEDET) model of a superconducting magnet is presented, which includes non-linear dynamic effects such as the dependence of the magnet's differential self-inductance on the presence of inter-filament and interstrand coupling currents in the conductor.About:
This article is published in Cryogenics.The article was published on 2016-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 61 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Superconducting magnet & Magnet.read more
Figures
Figure 2: Representation of the energy exchanges occurring in a conventional electro-thermal model. The two main shortcomings of this approach are indicated by question marks. 
Figure 4: Model adopted to calculate the heat diffusion between blocks b and h. Temperature profile along the direction perpendicular to the insulation layer. a. Simplified one-layer approach. b. Multi-layer approach. ![Figure 8: Comparison between the ISCC time-constant calculated using equation 45; or following the homogeneous-magnetization model presented in [7], see 49; or using the formulae derived in [8] with a complete network model for a single cable and for a stack of cables, see 46 and 50, respectively.](/figures/figure-8-comparison-between-the-iscc-time-constant-nxgzsc40.png)
Figure 8: Comparison between the ISCC time-constant calculated using equation 45; or following the homogeneous-magnetization model presented in [7], see 49; or using the formulae derived in [8] with a complete network model for a single cable and for a stack of cables, see 46 and 50, respectively. ![Figure 7: Cross-section of the strand used in the cable of the outer layer of the LHC main dipole magnets [31]. a. Photography. b. Schematic representation.](/figures/figure-7-cross-section-of-the-strand-used-in-the-cable-of-1onuder7.png)
Figure 7: Cross-section of the strand used in the cable of the outer layer of the LHC main dipole magnets [31]. a. Photography. b. Schematic representation. 
Table 1: Electro-thermal analogy implemented in the LEDET model, for a generic block b. Symbols pertaining to the electrical domain refer to figure 5. 
Figure 3: Representation of the energy exchanges occurring in a LEDET model. Elements pertaining to one sub-network are represented in yellow (electrical), red (thermal), and blue (coupling). Elements pertaining to two different sub-networks are represented in orange (electrical-thermal), green (electrical-coupling), and purple (coupling-thermal).
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
STEAM: A Hierarchical Cosimulation Framework for Superconducting Accelerator Magnet Circuits
Lorenzo Bortot,Bernhard Auchmann,I. Cortes Garcia,A. M. Fernandez Navarro,Michal Maciejewski,Matthias Mentink,Marco Prioli,E. Ravaioli,S. Schps,Arjan Verweij +9 more
TL;DR: STEAM is presented, a hierarchical cosimulation framework featuring the waveform relaxation method that simulates a complex system as a composition of simpler, independent models that exchange information and implements a user-customizable hierarchical algorithm to schedule how models participate to theCosimulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
First Implementation of the CLIQ Quench Protection System on a Full-Scale Accelerator Quadrupole Magnet
Emmanuele Ravaioli,Hugues Bajas,Vladimir Datskov,Vincent Desbiolles,J. Feuvrier,Glyn Kirby,Michal Maciejewski,H. Ten Kate,Arjan Verweij,Gerard Willering +9 more
TL;DR: Ravaioli et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed coupling-loss induced quench system (CLIQ) for the protection of high-field superconducting magnets, which targets a fast and homogeneous transition to the normal state of the winding pack, hence assuring a quick magnet discharge and avoiding overheating of the coil's hot spot.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quench Protection System Optimization for the High Luminosity LHC Nb $_3$Sn Quadrupoles
E. Ravaioli,Giorgio Ambrosio,Bernhard Auchmann,Paolo Ferracin,Michal Maciejewski,F. Rodriguez-Mateos,GianLuca Sabbi,Ezio Todesco,Arjan Verweij +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, three design options for the quench protection system of the inner triplet circuit are analyzed, including quench heaters attached to the coil's outer and inner layer, Coupling-Loss Induced Quench (CLIQ), and combinations of those.
Journal ArticleDOI
Progress in the Development of the Nb 3 Sn MQXFB Quadrupole for the HiLumi Upgrade of the LHC
Susana Izquierdo Bermudez,Giorgio Ambrosio,Giorgio Apollinari,Marta Bajko,Bernardo Bordini,Nicolas Bourcey,D Ramos,Paolo Ferracin,Lucio Fiscarelli,Sandor Feher,J. Fleiter,Michael Guinchard,Friedrich Lackner,Nicholas Lusa,Franco Mangiarotti,Attilio Milanese,Rosario Principe,Juan Carlos Perez,H. Prin,Dariusz Pulikowski,E. Takala,Emmanuele Ravaioli,Ezio Todesco +22 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the status of the development activities at CERN is described, in particular on the cold powering test of the first MQFXB prototype and on the construction of the second full scale prototype.
Journal ArticleDOI
First Implementation of the CLIQ Quench Protection System on a 14-m-Long Full-Scale LHC Dipole Magnet
Emmanuele Ravaioli,Vladimir Datskov,G. Dib,A. M. Fernandez Navarro,Glyn Kirby,Michal Maciejewski,H. Ten Kate,Arjan Verweij,Gerard Willering +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the coupling loss-induced quench (CLIQ) is applied for the first time for the protection of a full-scale dipole magnet, which is equipped with CLIQ terminals and two 80mF 500-V CLIQ units are connected to its windings.
References
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Book
Field Computation for Accelerator Magnets: Analytical and Numerical Methods for Electromagnetic Design and Optimization
TL;DR: Magnets for Accelerators Algebraic Structures and Vector Fields Classical Vector Analysis Maxwell's Equations and Boundary Value Problems Fields and Potentials of Line Currents Field Harmonics IronDominated Magnets Coil-DominatedMagnets Complex Analysis Methods for Magnet Design Field Diffusion Elementary Beam Optics and Field Requirements Reference Frames and Magnet Polarities Finite-element Formulations Discretization Coupling of Boundary and Finite Elements Superconductor Magnetization Interstrand Coupling Currents Quench Simulation Differential Geometry Applied to Coil-End Design Mathematical Optimization Techniques
Journal ArticleDOI
ac loss in a twisted filamentary superconducting wire. I
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived the ac losses in a twisted filamentary superconductor by assuming a continuum model with anisotropic conductivity, and solved the Maxwell equations for a long wire of radius R 0 and twist length L. In terms of the classical skin depth δ, appropriate for the conductivity perpendicular to the filaments, the losses were calculated for an applied magnetic field transverse to the wire axis in the case of uniform field (2, R 0/δ≪1, L/2πδ ≥ 1), shielding from surface currents (