Integrated magnetic Hall effect sensors have been widely used in people's daily life over the past decades, and still are gaining enormous attention from researchers to establish novel applications, especially in biochemistry and biomedical healthcare. This paper reviews, classifies, compares and concludes state-of-the-art integrated Hall magnetic sensors in terms of cost, power, area, performance and application. Current applications of the Hall sensors such as detecting magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) labeled on biomolecule, monitoring blood pulse wave velocity, characterizing soft biological materials, controlling syringe injection rate and eye surgery by training systems, and assisting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be discussed comprehensively and future applications and trends will be highlighted. This review paper will introduce Hall sensor's advantages such as simple design and technology of manufacturing, low cost, low power consumption, possibility of the miniaturizing, noninvasive and room temperature measurement, with respect to the other magnetic sensing systems and methods.

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Magneto-optic properties of II-VI semiconductor quantum dots

Detection techniques of biological and chemical Hall sensors

Faraday rotation has been measured at room temperature and at magnetic field strengths up to 2.57 T for II–VI type semi-conductor nano-crystals (CdS and CdSe) in the form of quantum dots (QDs) and for rare earth containing sodium silicate glasses. The graph of Faraday rotation versus field strength for all quantum dots showed “kinks” (abrupt slope changes) which is evidence for a non-linear Faraday effect. Given the inverse linearity seen in dot size versus magnetic field, possible causes such as exciton coulomb interactions were considered as a mechanism for the enhanced Faraday rotation. The rare earth containing glasses also showed a non-linearity in the Faraday rotation as a function of magnetic field strength. However, a single crystal NaCl sample exhibited no kinks up to 2.57 T. Various mechanisms will be put forth and evaluated as to the feasibility of using these processes to explain the observed effects. We consider Landau levels, resonance effects, shape and piezo-electric effects, electron-spin correlation for the quantum dot composites; and intermediate range order (IRO) for the rare earth containing glass matrix itself and try to interpret how each of these mechanisms may or may not have an effect on the Faraday rotation behavior.

Magneto-optic properties of II-VI semiconductor quantum dots

Citations

Detection techniques of biological and chemical Hall sensors

Magneto-optic studies of rare earth containing sodium silicate glasses and semiconductor quantum dots in glass composites: Nonlinear effects

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