Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of Phenol Ozonation—Kinetics of Formation of Primary and Secondary Reaction Products
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TLDR
In this paper, phenol as surrogate compound for NOM was ozonated while suppressing reactions of ·OH radicals by addition of tert-butanol, and batch experiments showed benzoquinone (40 and 18%), catechol (33 and 1%), cis,cis-muconic acid (6 and 3%), and hydroquinone(2 and 7%) to be the most abundant primary products at pH 7 and 3.Abstract:
Organic acids are part of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) formed from natural organic matter (NOM) during ozonation for drinking water production. To elucidate the formation of organic acids, phenol as surrogate compound for NOM was ozonated while suppressing reactions of ·OH radicals by addition of tert-butanol. Batch experiments show benzoquinone (40 and 18%), catechol (33 and 1%), cis,cis-muconic acid (6 and 3%), and hydroquinone (2 and 7%) to be the most abundant primary products at pH 7 and 3, respectively. The tertiary product oxalic acid was obtained in similar yields from phenol ozonation (0.8%) as during ozonation of lake water (1.6%). Together with other low molecular weight organic acids it was formed upon small ozone exposures, as was shown by time-dependent experiments in time ranges of 0.4–23 and 0.07–1.0 seconds for pH 3 and 7.25, respectively.read more
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Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase.
Hartmut Herrmann,Thomas Schaefer,Andreas Tilgner,Sarah A. Styler,Christian E. Weller,Monique Teich,Tobias Otto +6 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidation Processes in Water Treatment: Are We on Track?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a knowledge-based system to predict reaction kinetics, controlling the efficiency of the process, mechanisms of transformation product formation, extent of formation of disinfection byproducts from the matrix, and oxidation induced biological effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant upgraded with ozonation and biological post-treatments: Abatement of micropollutants, formation of transformation products and oxidation by-products
Marc Bourgin,Birgit Beck,M. Boehler,Ewa Borowska,Julian Fleiner,Elisabeth Salhi,Rebekka Teichler,Urs von Gunten,Hansruedi Siegrist,Christa S. McArdell +9 more
TL;DR: To protect the ecosystem and drinking water resources in Switzerland and in the countries of the downstream catchments, a new Swiss water protection act entered into force in 2016 aiming to reduce the discharge of micropollutants from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), selected WWTPs must be upgraded by an advanced treatment with suitable and economic options.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical oxidation of dissolved organic matter by chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and ozone: effects on its optical and antioxidant properties.
Jannis Wenk,Michael Aeschbacher,Elisabeth Salhi,Silvio Canonica,Urs von Gunten,Urs von Gunten,Urs von Gunten,Michael Sander +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that ClO2 and HOCl primarily reacted as oxidants by accepting electrons from electron-rich phenolic and hydroquinone moieties in the DOM, while O3 reacted via electrophilic addition to aromatic moieties, followed by ring cleavage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of the persistence of transformation products from ozonation of trace organic compounds - a critical review.
TL;DR: In this paper, a qualified assessment of the persistence of ozone-induced transformation products is provided based on a review of published product studies and an evaluation of the biodegradability of transformation products with the BIOWIN and the University of Minnesota Pathway Prediction System.
References
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Book
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
TL;DR: Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutes Aliphatically Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Adding to Carbon Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Ox
Journal ArticleDOI
Ozonation of drinking water: part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formation.
TL;DR: The second-order rate constants for oxidation by ozone vary over 10 orders of magnitude, between o 0.1 M 1 s 1 s -1 and about 7 − 10 9 M 1 S -1 s - 1 s − 1 as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method
TL;DR: In this article, the decolorization of indigo trisulfonate (600 nm, pH below 4) was used to determine the concentration of aqueous ozone in the range 0.005 −30 mg 1−1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate constants of reactions of ozone with organic and inorganic compounds in water-II dissociating organic compounds
J. Hoigné,H. Bader +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the rate constants of reactions of ozone with non-ionized solutes, such as aliphatic alcohols, olefins, chlorosubstituted ethylenes, substituted benzenes and carbohydrates, have been determined from the absolute rates with which ozone reacts in the presence of various concentrations of these compounds in water.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence of a New Generation of Disinfection Byproducts
Stuart W. Krasner,Howard S. Weinberg,Susan D. Richardson,Salvador J. Pastor,Russell Chinn,Michael J. Sclimenti,Gretchen D. Onstad,Alfred D. Thruston +7 more
TL;DR: A survey of disinfection byproduct (DBP) occurrence in the United States was conducted at 12 drinking water treatment plants to obtain quantitative occurrence information for new DBPs (beyond those currently regulated and/or studied) for prioritizing future health effects studies.
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