Journal ArticleDOI
Mullins damage effect on rubber products with residual strain
TLDR
In this paper, an approach based on rebound energy (resilience) change is proposed to predict the Mullins damage effect with residual strain for a rubber product, manufactured in industry, was selected for experiment and verification.Abstract:
In industry, the important design parameters of rubber products are currently based on only the loading part of loading–unloading histories, e.g. load–deflection and the fatigue requirement. Rubber-like materials exhibit an appreciable change in their mechanical properties during the loading–unloading process, especially in the first few cycles from a virgin state. There is neither a universally well-defined approach to evaluate the Mullins damage effect on design aspects in industry, nor a reliable criterion to evaluate it for rubber products. An approach based on rebound energy (resilience) change is proposed to predict the Mullins damage effect with residual strain. A rubber product, manufactured in industry, was selected for experiment and verification. A Mullins indicator, in term of the maximum loading forces over the accumulated residual deflections over the loading–unloading cycles, is proposed for a criterion to evaluate the Mullins damage effect. It is indicated that the first loading–unloading cycle removes the Mullins effect by approximately 80% and a typical three loading–unloading cycles in industrial practice can remove Mullins effect by approximately 94%. More than three loading–unloading cycles are suggested to reach a state for achieving the required accuracy on smaller tolerance of design parameters. The proposed approach provides the reliable prediction on the first loading–unloading and subsequent reloading–unloading cycles, and can be used for engineering design and industrial applications. Nevertheless, the proposed approach should be further verified using more industrial cases.read more
Citations
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Numerical prediction and experiment on rubber creep and stress relaxation using time-dependent hyperelastic approach
TL;DR: In this paper, a time-dependent damage function was introduced into hyperelastic models to evaluate the timedependent responses for rubber anti-vibration components, i.e., creep and stress relaxation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microstructural characterization and effective viscoelastic behavior of magnetorheological elastomers with varying acetone contents
Robbie Damiani,Lizhi Sun +1 more
TL;DR: Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), a class of polymer-based composites with dispersed ferromagnetic micro-particles, fall in the class of smart materials as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanical behavior of nylon 66 tyre cord under monotonic and cyclic extension: Experiments and constitutive modeling
TL;DR: In this article, a series of experiments were carried out to obtain stress-strain curves under different load cases, and a phenomenological constitutive model, accounting for different loading conditions, was firstly proposed base on strain energy density function and damage mechanics method.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics and damage mechanisms of bending fretting fatigue of materials
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed previous studies and described ongoing research in the area of fretting fatigue and discussed the relevance of this topic in a wide range of applications, including medical applications.
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Hysteresis with lonely stroke in artificial muscles: Characterization, modeling, and inverse compensation
Revanth Konda,Jun Zhang +1 more
TL;DR: This work proposes the first study to systematically characterize, model, and compensate for the hysteresis with lonely stroke property in artificial muscles, and primarily considers super-coiled polymer (SCP) actuators.
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of non-linear elastic systems on a simple geometric model for elastic deformations is discussed, and the authors propose a planar and spatial euler introduction to nonlinear analysis.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a solution to the problem of stress-strain and strain in a line-arm elastic solid engine with a non-line-arm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Softening of Rubber by Deformation
TL;DR: It has been known for many years that deformation results in softening of rubber and that the initial stress-strain curve determined during the first deformation is unique and cannot be re-strained.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review on the Mullins effect
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the literature dedicated to this topic over the past six decades and presented the experimental evidences, which characterize the Mullins softening, observed in filled rubbers and crystallizing pure gum.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Stretching on the Properties of Rubber
TL;DR: The results of tensile stress-strain, stress relaxation, swelling, electric conductivity, and power factor tests showed that the properties of pure vulcanizates are only slightly affected by previous stretching or flexing as discussed by the authors.