Journal ArticleDOI
Multilayer coatings for improved performance
Steve Bull,A.M. Jones +1 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the results for multilayer coatings in the Ti-N system were presented showing the advantages of compositionally and structurally modulated coatings over conventional single-layer titanium nitride coatings.Abstract:
Although single-layer coatings are finding a range of applications in many sectors of engineering, there are an increasing number of applications where the properties of a single material are not sufficient. One way to surmount this problem is to use a multilayer coating that combines the attractive properties of several materials, each chosen to solve a problem in the application. Simple examples of this include the use of interfacial bonding layers to promote adhesion, or thin inert coatings on top of wear-resistant layers to reduce the corrosion of cutting tools. There is, however, mounting evidence that the multilayer structure produced when many alternating layers of two materials are deposited can lead to improvements in performance over a mixed coating (by virtue of the introduction of new interfaces) even if the two materials do not have specific functional requirements in the intended application. In this paper results for multilayer coatings in the TiN system will be presented showing the advantages of compositionally and structurally modulated coatings over conventional single-layer titanium nitride coatings in tribological applications. The results will be discussed in light of the microstructure and properties of the coatings produced by the two different multilayer coating techniques.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Multilayer PVD coatings for wear protection
H. Holleck,V. Schier +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a functional and a structural design, taking into account the material selection for the individual layers, the adjustment of the interface volume and constitution and the optimization of the individual layer sequence and thickness, allows a tailoring of properties and performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coatings tribology—contact mechanisms and surface design
TL;DR: In this article, a generalised holistic approach to the friction and wear mechanisms of coated surfaces in dry sliding contacts is presented, which is based on a classification of the tribological contact process into macromechanical, nanomechanical and tribochemical contact mechanisms and material transfer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Concepts for the design of advanced nanoscale PVD multilayer protective thin films
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the latest developments in hard, wear-resistant thin films based on the multilayer coating concept is presented, covering various phenomena such as the superlattice effect, stabilization of materials in another, foreign structure, and effects related to coherent and epitaxial growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Architecture of PVD coatings for metalcutting applications: A review
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present PVD coatings that are specially designed to protect the cutting tool and extend its functionality (lifetime) and discuss the key PVD architectures employed to protect a tool: monolithic, multilayer and nanostructured coatings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hierarchical adaptive nanostructured PVD coatings for extreme tribological applications: the quest for nonequilibrium states and emergent behavior
German S. Fox-Rabinovich,Kenji Yamamoto,Ben D. Beake,Iosif S. Gershman,Anatoly Kovalev,Stephen C. Veldhuis,Myriam H. Aguirre,G.K. Dosbaeva,Jose L. Endrino +8 more
TL;DR: Major physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the adaptive coating, which play a significant role in its operating properties, such as enhanced mass transfer, and the ability of the layer to provide dissipation and accumulation of frictional energy during operation are presented.
References
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Book
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TL;DR: The first serious application of the microscope to the study of metallic structure was made in 1864 by Dr. H. Sorby, of Sheffield, but the lead then given was not followed for nearly a quarter of a century as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
High Rate Thick Film Growth
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the physical vapor deposition (PVD) of thin films is presented, focusing mainly on evaporation and sputtering processes and the physics of their growth and structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Attempt to design a strong solid.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that by using alternate layers of materials with high and low elastic constants resolved shearing stresses of the order of ε( √ n ϵ(n 2 ) −1 −1/n −1 )$ will be required in order to drive dislocations through the combination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Growth of single-crystal TiN/VN strained-layer superlattices with extremely high mechanical hardness
TL;DR: In this paper, single-crystal TiN/VN strained-layer superlattices with layer thicknesses ranging from 0.75 to 16 nm have been grown on MgO(100 ) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction examinations showed that the films were single crystals exhibiting coherent interfaces and several orders of super-lattice reflections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Failure modes in scratch adhesion testing
TL;DR: In this article, a diamond indenter is drawn across the coated surface under an increasing load (either stepwise or continuous) until at some load, termed the critical load L c, a well-defined failure event occurs; if this failure event represents the loss of coating-substrate adhesion then the critical loads can be used as a qualitative measure of surface adhesion. But it is well known that a range of possible failure modes can occur and only some of these are dependent on adhesion; other failure modes which depend on plastic deformation and fracture within the coating, rather than
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