Nanostructured steel industrialisation: plausible reality
Carlos Garcia-Mateo,Thomas Sourmail,Francisca García Caballero,Véronique Smanio,Matthias Kuntz,C. Ziegler,Alejandro Leiro,Esa Vuorinen,Roberto Elvira,T. Teeri +9 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors reveal the scientific and technological developments of a consortium sharing a common intrigue and interest for a unique microstructure, nanostructured bainite.Abstract:
It is not the first time that a consortium of steel makers, end users and scientists end up with unique approaches and developments in the physical metallurgy of steels. The present paper reveals the scientific and technological developments of a consortium sharing a common intrigue and interest for a unique microstructure, nanostructured bainite. Also known as low temperature bainite, its unique properties rely solely on the scale of the miscrostructure obtained by heat treatment at low temperature (150–350°C). Careful design based on phase transformation theory, some well known metallurgy facts and the necessary industrial experience were the ingredients for a further step towards the industrialisation of these microstructures.read more
Citations
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A low-alloy high-carbon martensite steel with 2.6 GPa tensile strength and good ductility
TL;DR: In this article, a low-alloy and high-carbon martensite steel (0.66% C) with ultrafine grains is produced by combination of Tempforming (tempering and deforming of a quenched steel) and reheating followed by water quenching and low temperature tempering.
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Low temperature bainitic ferrite: Evidence of carbon super-saturation and tetragonality
Carlos Garcia-Mateo,José Antonio Jiménez,Hung-Wei Yen,Hung-Wei Yen,Michael K Miller,Lucia Morales-Rivas,Matthias Kuntz,Simon P. Ringer,Jer-Ren Yang,F. G. Caballero +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a change in the conventional symmetry of the bainitic ferrite lattice from cubic to tetragonal explains the abnormal solid solubility detected, and this carbon supersaturation was measured by atom probe tomography, and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analysis and high resolution transmission electron microscopy.
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On the role of microstructure in governing the fatigue behaviour of nanostructured bainitic steels
Rosalia Rementeria,Lucia Morales-Rivas,Matthias Kuntz,Carlos Garcia-Mateo,Eberhard Kerscher,Thomas Sourmail,Francisca García Caballero +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of the microstructure during the fatigue crack propagation has been analyzed on the basis of the relationships between grain misorientations and grain boundaries by Electron Backscatter Diffraction.
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Critical Assessment 13: Elimination of white etching matter in bearing steels
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the cause of rolling contact fatigue and propose solutions that are backed by evidence that already is available to determine the life of more well behaved bearing applications.
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Design of Novel Bainitic Steels: Moving from UltraFine to Nanoscale Structures
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of phase transformation theory is exploited to design nanostructured steels that transform to bainite at temperatures as low as 150°C, achieving strength in excess of 2.5 GPa in a material that has considerable toughness.
References
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Book
The Physical Metallurgy of Microalloyed Steels
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a substantial background to microalloyed steels with a wide selection of applications, some of which are very recent, and a well-illustrated practical guide.
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Very strong low temperature bainite
TL;DR: In this paper, metallographic details are reported of the very fine bainitic microstructure associated with the incredibly low transformation temperature, where during the time scale of the experiments, an iron atom cannot diffuse over a distance greater than ~ 10-17 m.
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The mechanism of bainite formation in steels
TL;DR: In this article, microstructural evidence, together with a thermodynamic analysis, of the bainite reaction in steels are presented in support of a growth mechanism involving the propagation of displacive sub-units.
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Acceleration of Low-temperature Bainite
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report methods for accelerating the rate of reaction without compromising strength, and show that bainitic ferrite plates produced by transformation at low temperatures can be as thin as 20 nm with a hardness in excess of 650 HV.
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Development of Hard Bainite
TL;DR: In this paper, it was demonstrated that in a high-carbon steel where carbide precipitation is suppressed, bainite can be obtained by isothermal transformation at temperatures as low as 200°C.