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Journal ArticleDOI

Newton's method for the matrix square root

Nicholas J. Higham
- 01 Apr 1986 - 
- Vol. 46, Iss: 174, pp 537-549
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TLDR
In this paper, it was shown that these simplified iterations are numerically unstable and a further variant of Newton's method for the matrix square root, recently proposed in the literature, is shown to be numerically stable.
Abstract
One approach to computing a square root of a matrix A is to apply Newton's method to the quadratic matrix equation F(X) _ x2 - A = 0. Two widely-quoted matrix square root iterations obtained by rewriting this Newton iteration are shown to have excellent mathematical convergence properties. However, by means of a perturbation analysis and supportive numerical examples, it is shown that these simplified iterations are numerically unstable. A further variant of Newton's method for the matrix square root, recently proposed in the literature, is shown to be, for practical purposes, numerically stable.

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Citations
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Book

Matrix Mathematics: Theory, Facts, and Formulas with Application to Linear Systems Theory

TL;DR: This book brings together a vast body of results on matrix theory for easy reference and immediate application with hundreds of identities, inequalities, and matrix facts stated rigorously and clearly.
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Functions of matrices

TL;DR: The most common matrix function is the matrix inverse, which is not treated specifically in this chapter, but is covered in Section~1.5 and Section~51.3 as discussed by the authors.
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Computing the polar decomposition with applications

TL;DR: Applications of the polar decomposition to factor analysis, aerospace computations and optimisation are outlined; and a new method is derived for computing the square root of a symmetric positive definite matrix.
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The matrix sign function

TL;DR: A survey of the matrix sign function is presented including some historical background, definitions and properties, approximation theory and computational methods, and condition theory and estimation procedures.
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Computing real square roots of a real matrix

TL;DR: An extension of the Schur method is presented which enables real arithmetic to be used throughout when computing a real square root of a real matrix.
References
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Book

Matrix computations

Gene H. Golub
Book

The Theory of Matrices

TL;DR: In this article, the Routh-Hurwitz problem of singular pencils of matrices has been studied in the context of systems of linear differential equations with variable coefficients, and its applications to the analysis of complex matrices have been discussed.
Book

Numerical Analysis

TL;DR: This report contains a description of the typical topics covered in a two-semester sequence in Numerical Analysis, and describes the accuracy, efficiency and robustness of these algorithms.
Book

Introduction to matrix computations

G. W. Stewart
TL;DR: Rounding-Error Analysis of Solution of Triangular Systems and of Gaussian Elimination.
Journal ArticleDOI

Solution of the matrix equation AX + XB = C [F4]

TL;DR: The algorithm is supplied as one file of BCD 80 character card images at 556 B.P.I., even parity, on seven ~rack tape, and the user sends a small tape (wt. less than 1 lb.) the algorithm will be copied on it and returned to him at a charge of $10.O0 (U.S.and Canada) or $18.00 (elsewhere).