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Nuclear survivin expression as a potentially useful tool for the diagnosis of canine cutaneous sebaceous lesions

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TLDR
The level of survivin expression increased with increasingmalignancy, designating survivin as a new diagnostic marker in the assessment of malignancy of sebaceous tumours.
Abstract
Background – Sebaceous glands are specialized cutaneous adnexal glands, which work under constant hormonal control to produce sebum. They can give rise to several proliferative lesions, such as hamartoma, hyperplasia and neoplasms (adenoma, epithelioma and carcinoma). Their nomenclature is currently confusing, both in veterinary and in human medicine, owing to the difficulty of differentiating between some of these lesions. Methods –  The present study used immunohistochemistry to determine the expression levels and patterns of survivin and Ki67 in five samples of normal canine skin and 44 cases of canine cutaneous lesions with sebaceous differentiation (10 hamartomas, nine hyperplasia, eight adenomas, eight epitheliomas and nine carcinomas). Results –  In normal glands, survivin, as well as Ki67, was expressed in scattered reserve cells. In hamartomas, survivin was more highly expressed than in normal skin, indicating a possible role of this molecule in the pathogenesis of these congenital lesions. In tumours, a moderate or high level of survivin and Ki67 expression (more than two and four and more than two positive cells, respectively) were significantly correlated with a malignant histotype, infiltrative growth and a moderate or high number of mitoses (more than two). Conclusions and clinical importance –  The level of survivin expression increased with increasing malignancy, designating survivin as a new diagnostic marker in the assessment of malignancy of sebaceous tumours. Resume Contexte –  Les glandes sebacees sont des glandes cutanees specialisees dont la production de sebum est sous controle hormonal constant. Elles peuvent etre a l’origine de plusieurs lesions proliferatives telles que hamartomes, hyperplasies et neoplasmes (adenomes, epitheliomes et carcinomes). Leur actuelle nomenclature est confuse, en medecine humaine comme en medecine veterinaire, ce qui est liea la difficulte de differencier certaines de ces lesions entre elles. Methodes –  Cette etude utilise l’immunohistochimie pour determiner les niveaux et les patrons d’expression de la survivine et du Ki67 dans cinq echantillons de peau normale de chien et 44 cas de lesions cutanees canines avec differentiation cutanee (10 hamartomes, neuf hyperplasies, huit adenomes, huit epitheliomes et neuf carcinomes). Resultats –  Dans les glandes normales, la survivine ainsi que le Ki67, etaient exprimes uniquement au sein des cellules de reserve. Dans les hamartomes, la survivine etait exprimee plus intensement que dans la peau normale, indiquant un role possible de cette molecule dans la pathogenie de ces lesions congenitales. Dans les tumeurs, un niveau d’expression modere ou eleve de survivine et de Ki67 (respectivement plus de deux et quatre et plus que deux cellules positives) etait correle avec un histotype tumoral, une infiltration et un nombre modere ou eleve de mitoses (plus que deux). Conclusions et importance clinique –  Le niveau d’expression de survivine augmentant avec la malignite, permet de designer la survivine comme un nouveau marqueur diagnostic dans l evaluation de malignite des tumeurs sebacees. Resumen Introduccion –  las glandulas sebaceas son glandulas anejas cutaneas especializadas, que funcionan bajo control hormonal constante para producir el sebo. Pueden dar lugar a varias lesiones proliferativas, tales como hamartoma, hiperplasia y neoplasias (adenoma, epitelioma y carcinoma). Su nomenclatura es actualmente confusa, tanto en medicina veterinaria como en humana, debido a la dificultad de distinguir entre algunas de estas lesiones. Metodos –  el presente estudio utiliza la inmunohistoquimica para determinar los niveles de expresion y la distribucion de survivina y de Ki67 en cinco muestras de piel canina normal y 44 casos de lesiones cutaneas caninas con diferenciacion sebacea (10 hamartomas, nueve hiperplasias, ocho adenomas, ocho epiteliomas y nueve carcinomas). Resultados –  en glandulas normales, la survivina, asi como el Ki67, se expresaron en celulas dispersas de reserva. En hamartomas, la survivina tenia una mayor expresion comparada con piel normal, indicando un posible papel de esta molecula en la patogenia de estas lesiones congenitas. En tumores, la presencia de un nivel moderado a alto nivel de survivina y de Ki67 (mas de dos y cuatro y mas de dos celulas positivas, respectivamente) fue correlacionado de forma significativa con un histotipo maligno, un crecimiento infiltrativo y un numero moderado a alto de mitosis (mas de dos). Conclusiones e importancia clinica –  el nivel de expresion de survivina aumento con el aumento de la malignidad, lo cual indica que la survivina puede ser un marcador de importancia diagnostica en la valoracion de la malignidad de los tumores sebaceos. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund –  Die Talgdrusen sind spezialisierte Hautanhangsdrusen, die unter standiger hormoneller Kontrolle stehen, um Talg zu produzieren. Sie konnen die Ursache fur verschiedene proliferative Veranderungen, wie Hamartom, Hyperplasien und Neoplasien (Adenome, Epitheliome und Karzinome) sein. Die Nomenklatur ist momentan sowohl in der Veterinar- als auch in der Humanmedizin verwirrend, was auf die Schwierigkeit einige dieser Veranderungen zu differenzieren, zuruckzufuhren ist. Methoden –  In der gegenwartigen Studie wurde die Immunhistochemie angewandt, um die Exprimierungslevels und Muster von Survivan und Ki67 in funf Proben von normaler Hundehaut und in 44 Fallen von Hautveranderungen von Hunden, bei denen als Ursprung die Talgdrusen differenziert werden konnten (10 Hamartome, neun Hyperplasien, acht Adenome, acht Epitheliome und neun Karzinome). Ergebnisse –  In normalen Drusen wurde sowohl Survivin als auch Ki67 in vereinzelten Reservezellen exprimiert. In Hamartomen wurde Survivin haufiger exprimiert als in normaler Haut, was auf eine mogliche Rolle dieser Molekule in der Pathogenese dieser angeborenen Zellen hinweist. In Tumoren wurde ein moderates bis hohes Level an Survivin und Ki67 exprimiert (an mehr als zwei und vier bzw an mehr als zwei positiven Zellen), was signifikant mit einem malignen Histiotyp, infiltrativem Wachstum und einer moderaten bis hohen Anzahl an Mitosen (mehr als zwei) korrelierte. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Bedeutung –  Das Ausmas der Exprimierung von Survivin nahm mit zunehmender Malignitat zu, was bedeutet, dass Survivin als neuer diagnostischer Marker bei der Feststellung der Malignitat von Tumoren der Talgdrusen designiert werden kann.

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Citations
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Surface plasmon resonance immunosensor for label-free detection of BIRC5 biomarker in spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours.

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The Process of Apoptosis in a Holocrine Gland as Shown by the Avian Uropygial Gland

TL;DR: The theory that specific PCNA/Bax/survivin expression patterns could reflect particular cell differentiation states in the uropygial gland and that holocrine secretion in the gland is realized mainly by way of apoptosis is supported.
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Survivin and Sox9: Potential Stem Cell Markers in Canine Normal, Hyperplastic, and Neoplastic Canine Prostate:

TL;DR: Results indicate that Sox9 and survivin could be considered markers of stemness in canine prostate cells, and cells in the basal cell layer with nuclear survivin expression are likely to be transit-amplifying cells that maintain some stem cell proprieties.
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The anti-tumor effect of a polypeptide extracted from Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus on renal metastatic tumor OS-RC-2 cells.

TL;DR: TG-1 inhibits the growth of the tumor and induces apoptosis of the tumors cells by inducing caspase-3 expression and the results provide a basis for clinical application of TG-1 in the future.
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On the role of survivin as a stem cell biomarker of canine hair follicle and related tumours

TL;DR: It is suggested that survivin could play an important role in the maintenance of the hair follicle cycle as well as in tumour initiation and maintenance of cancer stem cells.
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