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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

On searching in, sampling of, and dynamically moving through conformational space of biomolecular systems: A review.

Markus Christen, +1 more
- 30 Jan 2008 - 
- Vol. 29, Iss: 2, pp 157-166
TLDR
Methods to search for low‐energy conformations, to generate a Boltzmann‐weighted ensemble of configurations, or to generate classical‐dynamical trajectories for molecular systems in the condensed liquid phase are briefly reviewed with an eye to application to biomolecular systems.
Abstract
Methods to search for low-energy conformations, to generate a Boltzmann-weighted ensemble of configurations, or to generate classical-dynamical trajectories for molecular systems in the condensed liquid phase are briefly reviewed with an eye to application to biomolecular systems. After having chosen the degrees of freedom and method to generate molecular configurations, the efficiency of the search or sampling can be enhanced in various ways: (i) efficient calculation of the energy function and forces, (ii) application of a plethora of search enhancement techniques, (iii) use of a biasing potential energy term, and (iv) guiding the sampling using a reaction or transition pathway. The overview of the available methods should help the reader to choose the combination that is most suitable for the biomolecular system, degrees of freedom, interaction function, and molecular or thermodynamic properties of interest.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Perspective: Coarse-grained models for biomolecular systems.

TL;DR: This review seeks to provide a balanced, coherent, and unified presentation of several distinct approaches for developing CG models, including top-down, network- based, native-centric, knowledge-based, and bottom-up modeling strategies.
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Coarse-Grained Protein Models and Their Applications

TL;DR: An overview of coarse-grained models focusing on their design, including choices of representation, models of energy functions, sampling of conformational space, and applications in the modeling of protein structure, dynamics, and interactions are provided.
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Combining an Elastic Network With a Coarse-Grained Molecular Force Field: Structure, Dynamics, and Intermolecular Recognition

TL;DR: The results for this series of tests indicate that ELNEDIN models allow microsecond time-scale molecular dynamics simulations to be carried out readily, that large biological entities such as the viral capsid of the cowpea mosaic virus can be stably modeled as assemblies of independent ELNedIN models, and that ELnEDin models show significant promise for modeling protein-protein association processes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Computations of standard binding free energies with molecular dynamics simulations.

TL;DR: An increasing number of studies have reported computations of the standard (absolute) binding free energy of small ligands to proteins using molecular dynamics simulations and explicit solvent molecules that are in good agreement with experiments, suggesting that physics-based approaches hold the promise of making important contributions to the process of drug discovery and optimization in the near future.
References
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Book

Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the computer techniques, mathematical tools, and research results that will enable both students and practitioners to apply genetic algorithms to problems in many fields, including computer programming and mathematics.
Journal ArticleDOI

Optimization by Simulated Annealing

TL;DR: There is a deep and useful connection between statistical mechanics and multivariate or combinatorial optimization (finding the minimum of a given function depending on many parameters), and a detailed analogy with annealing in solids provides a framework for optimization of very large and complex systems.

Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning

TL;DR: This book brings together the computer techniques, mathematical tools, and research results that will enable both students and practitioners to apply genetic algorithms to problems in many fields.
Journal ArticleDOI

Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method is described to realize coupling to an external bath with constant temperature or pressure with adjustable time constants for the coupling, which can be easily extendable to other variables and to gradients, and can be applied also to polyatomic molecules involving internal constraints.
Journal ArticleDOI

Numerical Integration of the Cartesian Equations of Motion of a System with Constraints: Molecular Dynamics of n-Alkanes

TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical algorithm integrating the 3N Cartesian equations of motion of a system of N points subject to holonomic constraints is formulated, and the relations of constraint remain perfectly fulfilled at each step of the trajectory despite the approximate character of numerical integration.
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