Open Source Software and the 'Private-Collective' Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science
Eric von Hippel,Georg von Krogh +1 more
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It is proposed that open source software development is an exemplar of a compound "private-collective" model of innovation that contains elements of both the private investment and the collective action models and can offer society the "best of both worlds" under many conditions.Abstract:
Currently two models of innovation are prevalent in organization science. The "private investment" model assumes returns to the innovator results from private goods and efficient regimes of intellectual property protection. The "collective action" model assumes that under conditions of market failure, innovators collaborate in order to produce a public good. The phenomenon of open source software development shows that users program to solve their own as well as shared technical problems, and freely reveal their innovations without appropriating private returns from selling the software. In this paper we propose that open source software development is an exemplar of a compound model of innovation that contains elements of both the private investment and the collective action models. We describe a new set of research questions this model raises for scholars in organization science. We offer some details regarding the types of data available for open source projects in order to ease access for researchers who are unfamiliar with these, and also offer some advice on conducting empirical studies on open source software development processes.read more
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the literature on open innovation is presented, focusing on two inbound processes: sourcing and acquiring, and two outbound processes, revealing and selling.
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Challenging Codes: Collective Action in the Information Age@@@The Playing Self: Person and Meaning in the Planetary Society
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Understanding the Motivations, Participation, and Performance of Open Source Software Developers: A Longitudinal Study of the Apache Projects
TL;DR: A theoretical model relating the motivations, participation, and performance of OSS developers is developed and it is suggested that past-performance rankings enhance developers' subsequent status motivations.
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